Whereas Western physiology and psychology have used the somatotype system of ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph to describe broad patterns in human body composition, metabolism, and temperament for almost a century, Ayurveda, the classical health science of India, has utilized a remarkably similar framework for over 2,000 years: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha body types, or prakriti. Although these two systems evolved independently, initial data indicate that they could be describing similar constitutional patterns. Recent studies from India and the West aimed to correlate the two classification models, and the results are interesting enough to warrant clinical interest. The article reviews the scientific attempts at correlating Western somatotypes with Ayurvedic constitutions, their limitations, and explores what this convergence might mean for personalized lifestyle medicine.