Wisdom Teeth Extraction: Non-Opioid EXPAREL Reduced Need for Opioid Prescriptions

Posted on July 5, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Lieblich

Dr. Stuart Lieblich, DMD
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon
Avon, CT

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? How does EXPAREL® differ from other pain medication for dental work or other short-term procedures?

Response: This study analyzed the use of opioids and non-opioid options for postsurgical pain following third molar extraction (wisdom teeth removal). Our research team reviewed data from 600 patients who underwent third molar extraction, with 300 patients having received non-opioid option EXPAREL (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) and 300 patients that did not receive an infiltration of EXPAREL. The study aimed to show that reducing opioid prescriptions following this procedure may decrease opioid-related adverse events and the risk of opioid dependence.

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Chronic Pain in Cancer Patients Varies by Income and Insurance Status

Posted on June 21, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Jiang

Changchuan (Charles) Jiang MD, MPH
MSSLW Internal Medicine Residency Program
Class of 2020
Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Chronic pain is one of the common side effects of cancer treatments and it has been linked to low life quality, lower adherence to treatment, higher medical cost. As the population of cancer survivors grows rapidly, chronic pain will be a major public health issue in this population. We know from previous studies that chronic pain is common in certain cancers such as breast cancer. However, little was known about the epidemiology of chronic pain in the cancer survivors until our study.

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Study Finds Antidepressants Blunt Empathy

Posted on June 19, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Markus Rütgen Post-doctoral researcher Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna

Dr. Ruetgen

Dr. Markus Rütgen PhD
Post-doctoral researcher
Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit
Faculty of Psychology
University of Vienna

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Previous research has reported empathy deficits in patients with major depressive disorder. However, a high percentage of patients taking part in these studies were taking antidepressants, which are known to influence emotion processing. In our study, we wanted to overcome this important limitation. We were interested in whether the previously reported empathic deficits were attributable to the acute state of depression, or to the antidepressant treatment.

To this end, we performed a longitudinal neuroimaging study, in which we measured brain activity and self-reported empathy in response to short video clips showing people in pain. We measured acutely depressed patients twice. First, before they started their treatment, second, after three months of treatment with a state-of-the-art antidepressant (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

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Even if Opioids Relieve Pain, They Don’t Necessarily Improve Sleep

Posted on June 5, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Tang

Nicole Tang, D.Phil, C.Psychol (Reader)
Department of Psychology
Warwick Sleep and Pain Lab
University of Warwick

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: Current guidelines recommend non-opioid therapy as the preferred treatment of chronic non-malignant (CNP) pain, with opioids reserved to situations “when benefits for pain and function are expected to outweigh risks” [1,10]. Whilst the effectiveness of opioid therapy is usually measured in terms of pain outcomes, less is known about its effect on day-to-day functions.

A particular function of concern to patients with chronic non-malignant pain
is the ability to get a good night’s sleep.

The current systematic review has identified a set of papers with relevant outcomes regarding the effect of opioid therapy on sleep quality and sleep architecture in CNP patients. It
extends our understanding from the drug’s respiratory depression effect in healthy
individuals to the potential risks and utility of opioid therapy for chronic non-malignant pain
patients with sleep disturbances.

Whilst the narrative synthesis and the exploratory meta-analysis of a subset of data both suggest that the use of opioid therapy is associated with an overall report of sleep quality improvement, such an improvement is not consistently replicated across studies
or substantiated by improvements in sleep parameters linked to deeper and better-sleep quality. Moreover, the improvement may be accompanied by undesirable side effects and increased daytime sleepiness that contradict with the very idea of improved
sleep quality. We are also painfully aware of the methodological limitations of the studies reviewed; their exposure to different sources of biases has heightened the risk of result inflation.

To many patients with chronic non-malignant pain, improved sleep is a top priority
when evaluating the performance of a new drug and non-drug intervention.

If we were to advance our current understanding of the
opioid-sleep relationship, future trials need to be designed with
this interdisciplinary question in mind such that validated measures
of sleep can be incorporated as an outcome measure alongside pain.

Continue reading →

Cesarean Section: Multimodal Program Using Non-Opioid EXPAREL Reduced Pain and Need for Opioids After Surgery

Posted on May 29, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Ashraf Habib, MD
Chief of the Division of Women’s Anesthesia
Professor of Anesthesiology
Duke University

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: This was a multicenter study conducted in 13 clinical sites in the United States enrolling patients undergoing elective Cesarean-section and receiving spinal anesthesia. 186 patients were enrolled and randomized to receive EXPAREL, a long-acting, non-opioid option to manage postsurgical pain, administered via transversus abdominis plane (TAP) field block, mixed with plain bupivacaine or TAP block with plain bupivacaine alone. A TAP block numbs the nerves that supply the abdominal wall. We presented the data at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) in Phoenix, AZ.

We aimed to collect clinical evidence that a multimodal postsurgical pain regimen using a TAP block with EXPAREL (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) together with regularly scheduled acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could reduce opioid consumption more so than a standard multimodal pain control approach that combines TAP block with standard bupivacaine, regularly scheduled acetaminophen, and NSAIDs.

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US Dentists Prescribe Opioids Many Times More Often Than British

Posted on May 23, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Dr. Katie Suda, PharmD, M.S.
Associate Professor
College of Pharmacy
University of Illinois at Chicago

Dr. Susan Rowan, DDS
Clinical Associate Professor, Executive Associate Dean of Clinical Affairs
College of Dentistry
University of Illinois at Chicago,

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Dr. Katie Suda: Dentists treat a lot of pain – we have all probably had the experience of a terrible tooth ache. All dentists treat pain worldwide so we would not expect a large difference in which pain medication is prescribed. However, our results show that US dentists prescribe opioids more frequently than is likely needed. This is especially true because studies have shown that non-opioid pain medications are similar or more effective for the treatment of oral pain.

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Addiction Risk: No One Opioid Safer Than Other After Surgery

Posted on May 16, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Heng

Marilyn M. Heng, MD, MPH, FRCSC
Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeon
Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Harvard Medical School

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: The ultimate background for this study does come from the larger context of the opioid epidemic that is seen worldwide but particularly in North America. Orthopaedic surgeons should take responsibility as being among the top prescribers of opioids.

The more specific background that led to this specific study was the observation that several colleagues would insist that a drug like hydromorphone was so dangerous that they would not prescribe it but seemed okay prescribing large amounts of oxycodone. It seemed like an urban myth that the type of opioid was what made it dangerous, so that led us to do the study to see if there was evidence for that. Continue reading →

Few Valid Tools to Identify Pain Patients Who Can Be Safely Prescribed Opioids

Posted on May 6, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Klimas

Jan Klimas, PhD, MSc
Senior Postdoctoral Fellow
BC Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU)
Vancouver, BC

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: Some individuals prescribed opioid analgesic medications for pain develop opioid use disorder. So, much research has been conducted to develop strategies to identify patients who can be safely prescribed opioid analgesics. However, this research has not been critically reviewed through rigorous quality assessment.

This study therefore sought to identify signs, symptoms & screening tools to identify patients with pain who can be safely prescribed opioids Continue reading →

“Magic Mouthwash” Can Decrease Mouth Pain from Radiation Therapy

Posted on April 19, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Miller

Robert C. Miller, MD, MS, MBA
Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: “Magic Mouthwash” is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for oral mucositis pain during cancer therapy, but there has not been good evidence in the past to support its use.

This trial is the first large randomized controlled trial to demonstrate that both “Magic” mouthwash and doxepin rinse reduce patient reported pain during cancer therapy.

Continue reading →

Is There a Risk of Bleeding With Ibuprofen After Tonsillectomy ?

Posted on April 5, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Diercks

Gillian R. Diercks, MD, MPH
Instructor in Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School
Department of Otolaryngology
Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Boston, Massachusetts

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: Pediatric tonsillectomy is a commonly performed procedure, representing the second most common ambulatory surgery performed on children in the United States, with over half a million children undergoing the surgery annually. A major concern for surgeons, patients, and their families is the issue of postoperative pain control as pain can last up to 10-14 days after surgery, be quite severe, and result in readmission to the hospital or ED visits for medications and dehydration.

In young children and children with sleep apnea we cannot safely administer narcotic pain medications at home. This leaves limited options for pain control, including acetaminophen and ibuprofen. However, there are concerns that ibuprofen could potentially increase bleeding risk after surgery because of its effects on platelet function in the blood. At baseline, the risk of postoperative hemorrhage within the first two weeks after tonsillectomy is around 4.5%, with about 1-1.5% of children requiring a return to the operating room to control severe bleeding. Our study set out to show that the risk of severe postoperative bleeding when ibuprofen is given for 9 days after tonsillectomy was not increased compared with the bleeding risk when acetaminophen was administered instead.

Our study could not conclude that the risk of bleeding is no different when ibuprofen is used, and was suggestive that the bleeding risk may actually be higher. Continue reading →

Hip Replacement Surgery Pain: No Benefit To IV Acetaminophen over Pills

Posted on March 19, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Westrich

Geoffrey Westrich, MD
Director of Research
Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service
Hospital for Special Surgery
NYC

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Recent mortality trends in the U.S. associated with opioid use disorders have brought to the forefront of national debate the desirability of minimizing the use of potentially addictive pain management therapies. Pain management after hip replacement surgery is an important part of patient care, and opioids are frequently given as a major part of postoperative pain management.

At the same time, multimodal analgesia, the administration of anesthetic agents and medications agents targeting multiple pain pathways, has seen increased popularity in pain management after hip replacement surgery. At Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), the multimodal protocol entails the use of several different anesthetic agents and medications both during and after surgery to control pain, minimize the use of opioids and reduce side effects.

The use of non-opioid analgesics such as acetaminophen allows for a reduction in opioid administration after surgery [1]. Acetaminophen, commonly known as Tylenol, has traditionally been administered orally, but more recently an intravenous (IV) preparation has become available. IV acetaminophen after major orthopedic surgery was shown to provide effective analgesia and reduce morphine administration by 33%, compared to placebo [2].

Unless a patient is unable to take acetaminophen, it is commonly used as part of the multimodal protocol due to its efficacy and minimal contraindications. Although intravenous (IV) acetaminophen presents pharmacokinetic benefits, such as increasing both serum blood and cerebrospinal fluid levels more rapidly, there is limited analysis of its potential clinical advantages compared to oral acetaminophen. We hypothesized that there could be a reduction in pain with activity, opioid usage, or opioid- related side effects among patients receiving IV acetaminophen compared to oral acetaminophen following hip replacement surgery Continue reading →

Highest NSAID Usage Levels in Working Age Adults Linked to Greater Risk of Kidney Disease

Posted on February 16, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Alan Nelson, MPAS, PhD
Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: The past research literature has provided relatively little information on the appropriate level of concern regarding non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and kidney disease risk among younger, apparently healthy patients. Clinicians are generally most concerned about the effects of these medications on the kidneys among patients with existing renal impairment and persons at risk for it, especially older patients.

Given that NSAID use appears to be high and rising in the US, we were interested in developing evidence on this topic in a population of working-age adults.

Continue reading →

Dive Deep Into Migraine’s Link to Increased Stroke Incidence

Posted on February 4, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with

Dr. Androulakis

Michelle Androulakis, MD, MS, FAHS
Chief of Neurology
WJB Dorn VA Medical Center and
Faculty at University of South Carolina.
Columbia, SC

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: Even though Migraine with aura was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC), our post-hoc showed unexpected results that onset of such migraines before age 50 years is not associated with such risk. Instead, later onset of migraine with aura after age of 50 was linked with a higher risk of ischemic stroke.

Total of 447 migraineurs with aura (MA) and 1128 migraineurs without aura (MO) among 11,592 participants were included in the analysis. There was a two-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke when the age of migraineurs with aura onset was 50 years or older as compared with no headache participants, MO was not associated with increased stroke risk regardless of age of onset. Continue reading →

Over the Counter Pain Meds May Worsen C. difficile Gut Infections

Posted on January 9, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Aronoff

David M. Aronoff, MD, FIDSA, FAAM
Professor & Addison B. Scoville Jr. Chair in Medicine
Director, Division of Infectious Diseases
Department of Medicine
Vanderbilt University Medical Center

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of antibiotic-associated colitis and diarrhea and a leading cause of hospital-acquired infection. It is caused by the toxin-producing, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium Clostridium difficile. Antibiotic use is a major risk factor for CDI but epidemiological studies suggest that other factors, some modifiable, some not, can also increase the risk for CDI. Older age is an example of a non-modifiable risk factor for CDI. Some epidemiological studies suggested that taking the prostaglandin synthesis inhibiting drugs called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) might also increase the risk for CDI. NSAIDs include medications such as ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, and others. Because NSAID use is so common, if it is a risk factor for the acquisition of, or severity of, CDI, that would be important because that would be a modifiable risk factor.

We therefore sought to determine the impact of NSAID exposure on CDI severity in a mouse model of antibiotic-associated CDI. We also sought evidence for possible mechanisms whereby NSAIDs might increase the risk for CDI.

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Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Non-Surgical Options Compared

Posted on January 9, 2019 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Schneider

Dr. Michael Schneider DC, PhD
Associate Professor
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
University of Pittsburgh

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is one of the fastest growing problems in the country due to its aging population. One third of Medicare users have the condition, and it is the number one reason for spine surgery in this population. Existing research evaluates the benefits of nonsurgical treatment options compared to surgery, but there was no existing research that compared the available nonsurgical options to each other to determine the best course of treatment for each patient.

We studied three nonsurgical treatments for LSS: medical management with medications and/or epidural injections, individualized care with a physical therapist or chiropractor, and group exercise. We assessed each of these treatment methods with a questionnaire, a walking distance test, and a physical activity monitor.

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Link Between Number of Migraines and Diabetes Risk

Posted on December 17, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Guy Fagherazzi

Guy Fagherazzi, MSc, PhD, HDR
Senior Research Scientist in Digital & Diabetes Epidemiology
Center of Research in Epidemiology and Population Health
Inserm, Paris-South Paris-Saclay University

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: Migraine has further been associated with increased risk of overall and specific cardiovascular disease events.

Because migraine has also been associated with factors related with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, an association between migraine and diabetes has been hypothesized.

We observed a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women with active migraine.

We also show a linear decrease of migraine prevalence long before and a plateau long after type 2 diabetes diagnosis.

Continue reading →

Pulsed Radiofrequency For Acute Back Pain and Sciatica

Posted on November 28, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Probe being applied to nerve root.
Credit: Radiological Society of North America

Alessandro Napoli MD PhD
Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences
Sapienza University of Rome

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: Disc Herniation in the lumbar region can create intense pain in the lower back and along the leg as a result of nerve compression. People suffering disc herniation may either experience a spontaneous relief from the pain or requiring further medical actions in order to improve quality of life and going back to work and daily activities. When the pain is not responding to usual conservative care (both physical and pharmacological therapy) surgery is often considered a valid option.However, most of the people (despite the intense pain) would possibly avoid surgery. For this reason, Interventional percutaneous therapies such as intraforaminal injection of steroid have become more popular. Pulsed radiofrequency is a percutaneous therapy that may have the potential to rapidly relief the pain in a long lasting way by means of single 10 minutes procedure. We decided to undertook a randomized clinical trial to test the clinical benefit of pulsed radiofrequency therapy using intraforaminal injection as a control group. in both groups percutaneous approach was guided under precise guidance of CT images.

Pulsed radiofrequency group patients experience a faster and more durable pain control during the 1 year period follow up. Incidence of retreatment or cross-over was significantly higher in the injection only group.

Continue reading →

Pilates Enabled Patients with Musculo-Skeletal Symptoms to Function Better

Posted on November 13, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Ms Lynne Gaskell MSc
University of Salford
Manchester UK

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Musculoskeletal Pain as a result of common problems affecting the back, neck, shoulder, knee and multi-site pain is an increasing cause of reduced function and quality of life, and ever increasing demands on healthcare, Prognosis is often poor with many people reporting persistent symptoms after consulting their primary care practitioner. The likelihood of persistent and recurrent clinical symptoms may accentuate the physical, psychological, and social impacts of musculoskeletal pain particularly with the middle aged and elderly populations. Pilates is an exercise approach that has become increasingly popular in recent years and includes over fifty different exercises to improve flexibility, balance, core strength, core stability. It can therefore can be individualised for people with different needs, preferences, musculoskeletal conditions, ages and abilities. Aligning exercise to patient’s functional needs has been linked to long-term exercise adherence. Many physiotherapists such as sydney physio solutions have started to specialise in this as a form of treatment, click here for more info on pilates and the many benefits they can have on your physical health.

This study investigated the personal experiences and perceptions of the impact of Pilates on the day-to-day lives of adults with a myriad of chronic MSK conditions following a 12 week Pilates Exercise Programme.The results were organised into five main themes: 1. Physical Improvements strength, core stability, flexibility and balance. 2. Pilates Promotes an Active Lifestyle and improved performance at work and / or hobbies. 3. Psychosocial benefits and improved confidence, 4. Increased Autonomy in Managing their own Musculoskeletal Condition and 5. Motivation to continue with exercise.

Continue reading →

NSAID Eyedrop + Eye Patch Better at Reducing Pain After Intravitreal Injection

Posted on November 2, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Gentile

Ronald Gentile, MD
Professor of Ophthalmology
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Intravitreal injections have revolutionized the treatment of some of the most common retinal diseases that cause blindness. These diseases include wet age related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal injections are the most common eye procedure in the world. Pain after an intravitreal injection negatively impacts the patient’s experience. We set out a to find a way to improve the patient’s experience by improving the pain they feel after the intravitreal injection.

MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings?

Response: The main finding was that the NSAID we used, Nepafanac 0.3% suspension, and pressure patching resulted in lower pain scores when compared to the tear drop placebo at both 6 and 24 hours after the intravitreal injection. The NSAID had a greater effect on lowering the pain score and was found statistically significance. Even though the eyepatch was associated with lower pain scores than placebo, the difference did not reach statistical significance.

MedicalResearch.com: What should readers take away from your report?

Response: Readers should understand that patients not only have a fear going blind, they also fear the pain of the treatment. Physicians should place more emphasis on the patients experience and try to decrease or eliminate any pain a patient may have from the intravitreal injections. It would be expected that this should help patient compliance, especially for those patient who need regular intravitreal injections.

MedicalResearch.com: What recommendations do you have for future research as a result of this work?

Response: Future research should focus on the patients experience and find ways to eliminate any pain a patient may have before, during, and after the intravitreal injections.

MedicalResearch.com: Is there anything else you would like to add?

Response: Yes. Patient satisfaction and the patient experience is something that all ophthalmologists and all doctors need to put on the top of their priority list. Physicians have the greatest ability and insight into this. Having the greatest medicines in the world cant help if a patients fear of pain prevents them from being compliant.

I have no disclosures.

Citation: AAO 2018 abstract

Pain Control Following Intravitreal Injection Using Topical Nepefanac 0.3% or Pressure Patching: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial

[last-modified]

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Patient Expect Opioids for Pain Control after Surgery

Posted on October 29, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Dr. Nirmal B. Shah
Anesthesia Resident PGY-IV (CA-III)
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: With the ongoing opioid epidemic, we believe it is important to understand patients’ perceptions of pain medications and pain control after surgery. We believe patients’ expectations and perceptions regarding perioperative pain medications has not been well understood. We were hoping to understand patients’ knowledge, concerns, and biases of pain medication along with information to optimize acute pain management.

The goal of this survey study was to understand patient expectations regarding pain medications including opioids and non- opioids. In the United States, over 100 million surgical procedures are performed every year. Nearly 80% of these patients will experience post-operative pain. Adequate treatment of post-operative pain has been shown to improve clinical and economic outcomes, thus there has been an increased effort towards improving post-operative pain control.

Through our research, we demonstrated that patients expect to experience postoperative pain after a surgical procedure and expect to be prescribed a pain medication. Patients believe that opioid medications will be most effective in treating postoperative pain compared to non-opioid medications, which could be contributing to the opioid epidemic.

503 patients presenting for elective surgery at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia, PA were sampled during this survey. 76% of patients expected to be prescribed an opioid pain medication at discharge, 47% of patients expected to be prescribed acetaminophen (Tylenol) pain medication at discharge, while 30% of patients expected to be prescribed an NSAID (Motrin) pain medication at discharge. 94% of patients expecting to receive an opioid pain medication believe it would be effective in controlling their post-operative pain. This difference was not observed in patients expecting prescriptions for non-opioid pain medications. Overall, patients expect to experience pain after surgery and be prescribed analgesics they perceived to be most effective, opioids. Continue reading →

Program Can Help Parents Manage Kids’ Pain from Vaccines

Posted on October 22, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Taddio

Dr. Anna Taddio BScPhm PhD
Professor at the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy
University of Toronto and Senior Associate Scientis
The Hospital for Sick Children

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: In our prior research, parents have reported they are not educated about how to soothe their infants during painful procedures like vaccinations and that they want to know how they can help. Parents also reported that concerns about their infant’s pain affects their decision-making around vaccination. We therefore set out to target parents for education about how to soothe their infants.

We picked the hospital setting because almost all parents are in the hospital for some period of time following the birth of an infant and already routinely receive education about healthy baby topics. Providing information about pain management was easy to add. We found that about 1 out of 10 parents that were given this information acted on it.

MedicalResearch.com: What should readers take away from your report?

Response: No parent wants to see their child in pain and a parents’ desire to reduce pain is supported when we provide them with evidence-based strategies to use. These strategies are easy to use, and not only decrease unnecessary infant suffering, they also help parents. Parents are less anxious about their children getting vaccinations. Attending to infant distress is also important for healthy infant development. Targeting parents at the time of birth also ensures that parents will use and advocate for better pain care for their children across different medical settings and throughout the lifespan.

MedicalResearch.com: What recommendations do you have for future research as a result of this work?

Response: We need to find ways to reach more parents so that they can use this information to help their children. We also need to follow parents over time and teach them about the strategies that are helpful for children of different ages. Finally, we need to study how better pain management practices impacts on vaccination rates.

Citation:

Effectiveness of a hospital-based postnatal parent education intervention about pain management during infant vaccination: a randomized controlled trial Anna Taddio BScPhm PhD, Vibhuti Shah MD, Lucie Bucci MA, Noni E. MacDonald MD, Horace Wong MSc, Derek Stephens MSc

CMAJ 2018 October 22;190:E1245-52. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.180175

[last-modified]

Genetic Locus Linked to Migraine Risk in African American Children

Posted on October 17, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Hakon Hakonarson, MD, PhD
Corresponding Author
Xiao Chang, PhD
Lead Author
The Center for Applied Genomics
Children’s Hospital Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: Migraine is a genetic disorder characterized by recurrent and intense headaches often accompanied by visual disturbances. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are a powerful hypothesis-free tool for investigating the genetic architecture of human disease. Currently, multiple GWASs have been conducted on European adults with migraine that have successfully identified several migraine susceptibility genes involved in neuronal and vascular functions.

Considering the prevalence of migraines varies across ethnicities, the genetic risk factors may be different in patients of African ancestries and European ancestries. In addition, if migraine presents at an early age (childhood), it may reflect elevated biological predisposition from genetic factors or increased susceptibility to environmental risk factors.

We performed the first GWAS to investigate the susceptibility genes associated with migraine in African-American children. The main out come was that common variants at the 5q33.1 locus in the human genome are associated with migraine risk in African-American children. The genetic underpinnings at this locus responsible for this finding are less relevant in patients of European ancestry. Continue reading →

Fibromyalgia: Scan Reveals Increased Brain Activation in Pain, Emotion and Affect Areas

Posted on October 11, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Daniel S. Albrecht, Ph.D.
Research Fellow, Department of Radiology
Harvard Medical School

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Can you briefly describe what is meant by fibromyalgia?

Response: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a poorly understood chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, memory deficits and attention difficulties, among other symptoms. FM affects an estimated 4 million adults in the U.S., but despite this prevalence, effective therapies for treating FM are lacking.

This combined MR/PET image highlights areas of the brain in which patients with fibromyalgia were found to have increased glial activation, compared with unaffected control volunteers.
Credit: Marco Loggia, PhD, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital

Part of the reason for the paucity of effective therapeutics is insufficient knowledge of the underlying mechanisms contributing to FM. Previous work from co-senior author of the current manuscript, Eva Kosek, MD, PhD, and collaborators at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden found elevated inflammatory molecules in the cerebrospinal fluid of FM patients, which could be reflective of brain neuroinflammation in these patients. However, no study had directly assessed the presence of neuroinflammation in the brain of FM patients.

Co-senior author of the study, Marco Loggia, PhD, and collaborators showed in a 2015 Brain publication that individuals with chronic low back pain (cLBP) exhibit evidence of brain neuroinflammation, specifically activation of glial cells. Our team utilized simultaneous MR/PET imaging to image brain levels of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), which is widely used as a marker of glial activation due to vast upregulation of TSPO in glial cells, e.g. microglia and astrocytes, in preclinical models of inflammation and neurological disease. Dr. Loggia sought to extend these finding in cLBP to FM, hypothesizing that activation of glial cells may also be associated with FM pathology. To this end, we used the same TSPO PET tracer to image 20 FM patients and 16 healthy controls.

During a conference where I was presenting preliminary results of the fibromyalgia study, Dr. Loggia met with Dr. Kosek and discovered that, across the Atlantic, her group was performing a very similar study, imaging 11 FM patients and 11 controls with the same TSPO PET compound. They decided to form a collaboration, and logistic talks began to determine the best strategy to combine and analyze the separate datasets. In addition to PET imaging with the TSPO tracer, which is suggested to reflect activated microglia and astrocytes, Dr. Kosek’s group also collected PET scans using a tracer thought to bind specifically to astrocytes rather than microglia. This tracer was used in order to discern the relative contributions of microglia and astrocytes to any observed differences in TSPO PET signal.

Continue reading →

Need For Better Treatments For Chronic Nerve Pain After Trauma Remains Serious Problem

Posted on September 25, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

John Douglas Markman, M.D. Director, Translational Pain Research Program Department of Neurosurgery Associate Professor University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

Dr. Markman

John Douglas Markman, M.D.
Director, Translational Pain Research Program
Department of Neurosurgery
Professor
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Peripheral nerve injury after trauma and surgery is a leading cause of chronic pain and disability. These pain syndromes are often considered to have an underlying neuropathic mechanism because there is altered sensory processing (e.g., numbness, allodynia) at the site of trauma or surgical incision that localizes to the anatomic distribution of a peripheral nerve. A previous eight-week randomized clinical trial demonstrated efficacy for pregabalin in patients with chronic post-traumatic or -surgical pain.(10) The longer duration of treatment of this study was designed to meet the regulatory standard for a chronic pain indication in the US, 12 weeks of treatment at maintenance or fixed dosing.

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Cannabinoid Drugs May Slightly Increase Pain Threshold

Posted on September 20, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Martin De Vita, MS
Doctoral Candidate
Clinical Psychology Department
Syracuse University

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: Despite widely held beliefs that cannabis is effective for pain relief, experimental trials have produced mixed results. As result, the analgesic properties of cannabinoid drugs have remained poorly understood. We aimed to clarify these findings by extracting data from every available experimental pain study and analyzing the results as a whole. We found that numerous aspects of pain were being influenced in different ways. We found that cannabinoid drugs did not significantly reduce the intensity of experimental pain, but they did produce small-sized reductions in pain unpleasantness. Cannabinoids produced significant analgesic effects on pain threshold and tolerance. There was no significant effect of cannabinoids on mechanical hyperalgesia. Continue reading →

Patient-Reported Symptom Relief Following Medical Cannabis Consumption

Posted on September 13, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Jacob M. Vigil, PhD
Department of Psychology
University of New Mexico

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: For the past several years we have been using observational research designs as a means to overcome some of the logistical and legal barriers for conducting patient outcomes medical cannabis research. In partnership with the software developers of the Releaf App which currently is the largest repository of user-entered information on the consumption and effects of cannabis use in the United States, we have been able to measure how patients choose to consume cannabis and the effects of those choices in real-time. Since its release in 2016, the commercially developed Releaf App has been the only publicly available, incentive-free patient educational software program designed for recording how individual cannabis usage sessions correspond to immediate changes in symptom intensity levels and experienced side effects.

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Invasive Procedures For Chronic Pain Have Not Been Proven to Work

Posted on September 12, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Jonas

Wayne B. Jonas, MD
Clinical Professor of Family Medicine
Uniformed Services University and at
Georgetown University School of Medicine

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: The search for non-drug approaches to chronic pain is a major recommendation in many recent guidelines for both pain management and reduction in the use of opioids. Surgical and invasive procedures are non-drug approaches often used for pain conditions like back pain and arthritis, so good evidence is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these procedures. Properly done randomized, placebo controlled trials are the best way (the gold standard) to get that evidence, so we did a thorough evaluation of such research, using standard systematic review and meta-analysis methods.

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Surgeons Likely Overprescribing Opioids After Rhinoplasty

Posted on September 9, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Shaye

David A. Shaye, M.D., FACS
Instructor in Otolaryngology
Harvard Medical School

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: Cosmetic and functional rhinoplasty (nasal surgery) is the most common procedure we perform and traditionally post operative pain medication includes opioids.

In light of the recent opioid epidemic, we wished to investigate if patients pain was being treated over-treated by surgeons.

Of 173 Rhinoplasties that we performed, the majority of patients received post operative opioid tablets (an average of 28 tablets). However 11% of patients did not fill these prescriptions at all, and only 2 of the 178 patients required refills.

We believe patients experienced less pain than surgeons anticipated.

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Mobile Devices Support Clinical Trials of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Posted on September 6, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Kravitz

Richard L Kravitz, MD, MSPH
Professor, General Internal Medicine
Director, UC Center Sacramento

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

Response: The study was designed to address tso problems. The first is that many patients with chronic pain struggling to find a workable regimen.

The second is more general. Patient sometimes I hesitate to participate in clinical research because they right away do not see the relevance I directly to them selves. And have one trials are away I’m addressing both problems. Continue reading →

ORILISSA™ (elagolix) Now Approved for Management of Moderate to Severe Pain Associated with Endometriosis

Posted on July 26, 2018 by Marie Benz MD FAAD

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Carlson

Dr. Dawn Carlson MD MPH
Vice President, General Medicine Development
AbbVie

MedicalResearch.com: Please provide some background on this announcement. Would you briefly explain what endometriosis is? Whom does it affect and how does it interfere with quality of life?

Response: Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecologic disorders in the U.S that affects an estimated one in 10 women of reproductive age. It occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus starts growing outside of the uterus, where it doesn’t belong.

The symptoms of endometriosis, including pain with menstrual periods and between periods, and with sexual intercourse, can be debilitating and significantly impact day-to-day activities of women’s lives, personally and professionally. Unfortunately, women with endometriosis can suffer for up to 10 years and visit multiple physicians before receiving a proper diagnosis. Unresolved endometriosis pain results in higher healthcare costs from emergency department visits and repeat surgeries. Continue reading →

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Category Archives: Pain Research

Wisdom Teeth Extraction: Non-Opioid EXPAREL Reduced Need for Opioid Prescriptions

Chronic Pain in Cancer Patients Varies by Income and Insurance Status

Study Finds Antidepressants Blunt Empathy

Even if Opioids Relieve Pain, They Don’t Necessarily Improve Sleep

Cesarean Section: Multimodal Program Using Non-Opioid EXPAREL Reduced Pain and Need for Opioids After Surgery

US Dentists Prescribe Opioids Many Times More Often Than British

Addiction Risk: No One Opioid Safer Than Other After Surgery

Few Valid Tools to Identify Pain Patients Who Can Be Safely Prescribed Opioids

“Magic Mouthwash” Can Decrease Mouth Pain from Radiation Therapy

Is There a Risk of Bleeding With Ibuprofen After Tonsillectomy ?

Hip Replacement Surgery Pain: No Benefit To IV Acetaminophen over Pills

Highest NSAID Usage Levels in Working Age Adults Linked to Greater Risk of Kidney Disease

Dive Deep Into Migraine’s Link to Increased Stroke Incidence

Over the Counter Pain Meds May Worsen C. difficile Gut Infections

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Non-Surgical Options Compared

Link Between Number of Migraines and Diabetes Risk

Pulsed Radiofrequency For Acute Back Pain and Sciatica

Pilates Enabled Patients with Musculo-Skeletal Symptoms to Function Better

NSAID Eyedrop + Eye Patch Better at Reducing Pain After Intravitreal Injection

Patient Expect Opioids for Pain Control after Surgery

Program Can Help Parents Manage Kids’ Pain from Vaccines

Genetic Locus Linked to Migraine Risk in African American Children

Fibromyalgia: Scan Reveals Increased Brain Activation in Pain, Emotion and Affect Areas

Need For Better Treatments For Chronic Nerve Pain After Trauma Remains Serious Problem

Cannabinoid Drugs May Slightly Increase Pain Threshold

Patient-Reported Symptom Relief Following Medical Cannabis Consumption

Invasive Procedures For Chronic Pain Have Not Been Proven to Work

Surgeons Likely Overprescribing Opioids After Rhinoplasty

Mobile Devices Support Clinical Trials of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

ORILISSA™ (elagolix) Now Approved for Management of Moderate to Severe Pain Associated with Endometriosis