Breast Cancer

22 Jul

Posted at 22:36h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Cancer Research, Genetic Research

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Steven Quay, MD, PhD

Founder, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Atossa Therapeutics

Publications discussed: The rise of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) in breast cancer therapy: a promising horizon and (Z)-Endoxifen as a Potential Modulator of Utrophin Pathways in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Mechanistic and Transcriptomic Perspective

[caption id="attachment_75169" align="alignleft" width="240"]Dr. Steven C. Quay Dr. Steven C. Quay[/caption]

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for these studies? What are the main findings of the reviews?

Dr. Quay: Breast cancer remains the most common cancer diagnosis and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Around 70% of these cases are estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), meaning the tumor cells use the body's natural estrogen as fuel to multiply and grow. While traditional endocrine therapies like tamoxifen have saved countless lives, patients frequently face severe side effects or eventually develop resistance to the treatment.

To bridge this gap, these studies show the promise of next-generation selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), specifically (Z)-endoxifen. The main findings indicate that this active-form drug delivers more consistent, well-tolerated exposure to keep pace with a patient's unique biology. We are looking at the whole picture — from cancer prevention in high-risk patients to shrinking tumors before cases worsen. Ultimately, this approach builds on tamoxifen's legacy and blocks estrogen signaling to provide patients with more effective therapy options. For context on risk factors in breast cancer prevention, see this overview of breast cancer risk and dense breast tissue.

13 May

Posted at 15:50h in Breast Cancer, Cancer Research, JAMA, Weight Research
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_73639" align="alignleft" width="125"]Bernard F. Fuemmeler, PhD, MPHProfessor and Gordon D. Ginder, MD Chair in Cancer Research Associate Director of Population Science, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center Director of Research, Family Medicine and Population Health Dr. Fuemmeler[/caption] Bernard F. Fuemmeler, PhD, MPH Professor and Gordon D. Ginder, MD Chair in Cancer Research Associate Director of Population Science, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center Director of Research, Family Medicine and Population Health [caption id="attachment_73640" align="alignleft" width="125"]Kristina L. Tatum, PsyD, MSInstructor Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences School of Public Health Dr. Tatum[/caption] Kristina L. Tatum, PsyD, MS Instructor Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences School of Public Health A large population-based analysis of more than 841,000 breast cancer patients across the United States examines whether GLP-1 receptor agonist use is associated with improved survival and lower recurrence risk — with findings that researchers describe as very promising.
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, or GLP-1RAs, have been used since 2005 and as the GLP1RAs treatments and delivery methods have improved, their use has markedly increased. Now it is estimated that nearly 1 in 8 US adults report ever using a GLP-1RA, which includes many people who are using them to treat obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea. There has been some preclinical data from mouse models to suggest that maybe GLP1RAs have an anticancer effect reducing the effects of obesity on tumor growth or progression. We were interested to understand to what extent GLP1RA use among cancer patients might be associated with cancer outcomes, like length of survival after cancer treatment or the chance of recurrence. In our large population-based study using an aggregate of de-identified electronic health record data from more than 841,000 patients with breast cancer across the US, we found that GLP-1 RAs use was associated with significantly improved survival and lower recurrence risk among patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes. Among patients with obesity, GLP-1 RAs use was associated with approximately 65% lower risk of death and a 56% lower risk of recurrence over 10 years compared with nonuse. We also observed substantially improved outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes compared with insulin or metformin.

10 Sep

Posted at 16:30h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_70616" align="alignleft" width="130"]Dr. Rima Patel Dr. Patel[/caption] Rima Patel, MD Assistant Professor The Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: Targeted treatment options for metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are limited. TNBCs are associated with a high frequency of PTEN loss, which can lead to activation of the mTOR pathway and tumor proliferation but may be reversible with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. A prior phase II single arm trial of carboplatin and everolimus in patients with advanced TNBC demonstrated good tolerability and preliminary efficacy. The current study is a randomized phase II trial comparing carboplatin and everolimus with carboplatin alone in patients with metastatic TNBC. We found that the combination of carboplatin and everolimus reduced the risk of progression or death by 52%. The regimen was well tolerated and provides a promising treatment option for patients with advanced TNBC.

29 Jul

Posted at 13:14h in Breast Cancer
Each October brings a wave of pink ribbons and powerful reminders about the importance of breast cancer awareness. Campaigns promoting early detection through mammograms have undoubtedly saved lives, but beneath the surface, many individuals still quietly face obstacles that prevent them from getting screened. These barriers are often overlooked, yet they carry serious consequences. Barriers Beyond the Calendar Scheduling a mammogram may seem simple, but the reality is often much more complex. For many, there are hidden layers of stress, confusion, and logistical difficulty. Language differences, cultural norms, limited transportation, or lack of childcare can all stand in the way of following through with a screening. People new to the healthcare system may not even know how to begin the process or where to go. Emotional and mental health challenges also play a significant role. Anxiety about medical settings, concerns over body image, or past negative healthcare experiences can discourage someone from seeking help. For some, the fear of a potential diagnosis becomes a powerful reason to avoid screenings altogether. These personal and psychological hurdles are just as important to acknowledge as physical and financial limitations.

22 May

Posted at 19:24h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Mammograms
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_68644" align="alignleft" width="200"]Dr Tong Li PhD | Cancer Institute NSW Early Career FellowBreast Cancer Clinical and Population Health Stream Dr Tong Li[/caption] Dr Tong Li PhD | Cancer Institute NSW Early Career Fellow Breast Cancer Clinical and Population Health Stream The Daffodil Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney Moore Theological College | The University of Sydney | NSW | 2042    MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Having a family history of breast cancer is one of the most common risk factors for women. About 8% to 11% of women in the U.S. report having a close relative diagnosed with breast cancer. These women often have dense breasts. Dense breast tissue can make standard digital mammography (DM, also known as 2D mammography) less effective in detecting cancer. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), a 3D imaging technology, has become increasingly used in breast cancer screening because it improves the visibility of lesions and reduces unnecessary callbacks. However, until now, it has been unclear whether DBT offers the same benefits in women with a family history of breast cancer, especially across different family risk levels and breast density types.

08 May

Posted at 13:10h in AACR, Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Cancer Research
MedicalResearch.com Interview responses from: [caption id="attachment_68422" align="alignleft" width="150"]First author Gokul Das, PhD, Professor of Oncology and Co-Director of the Breast Translational Group, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Dr. Gokul Das[/caption] First author Gokul Das, PhD, Professor of Oncology and Co-Director of the Breast Translational Group, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Chetan Oturkar, PhD, Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, first author on the study MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?  Dr. Gokul Das: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subtype of breast cancer for which effective targeted therapies are not available, and which rapidly becomes resistant to chemotherapy. TNBC tumors are negative for estrogen receptor α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER-2/neu receptor. Endocrine therapy or HER2-targeted therapies are not effective against TNBC. Currently available options including immunotherapy benefit only some patients. They are cost-prohibitive and have severe adverse effects. Therefore, there is an unmet need for rationally designed therapies for TNBC. Although ERα is absent in TNBC, majority of these tumors express estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), a structurally related but functionally distinct isoform of the estrogen receptor coded by a different gene. Tumor suppressor protein p53 is mutated in the majority (80%) of TNBC. p53, when mutated, loses its tumor suppression capabilities, and instead gains oncogenic or tumor-driving functions.  One of the major oncogenic functions of mutant p53 is to bind and inactivate another tumor suppressor named p73.  The Das laboratory has been focusing on the mechanisms underlying the estrogen receptor β-p53-p73 axis for discovering rational and effective therapeutic strategies against TNBC.

06 Nov

Posted at 20:49h in AI and HealthCare, Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Genetic Research
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_64635" align="alignleft" width="150"]Prof. Dina Schneidman-Duhovny PhDAcademic researcher Hebrew University of Jerusalem Prof. Schneidman[/caption] Prof. Dina Schneidman-Duhovny PhD Academic researcher Hebrew University of Jerusalem MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: The study analyzed genetic data of 12 families (~ 40 patients) with high incidence of breast cancer cases. Most families originate from ethnic groups that are poorly represented in public resources. All participants were tested negative to all known breast cancer predisposing genes. We developed a novel approach to study genetic variants utilizing state-of-the-art deep learning models tailored for analysis of familial data. The study highlighted 80 high-risk genes (out of > 1200 genes) and narrowed down on a group of 8 genes circulating in 7 out of 12 families in the study. These genes are involved in a cellular organelle called the peroxisome and play a role in fatty acids metabolism. We show that  these genes significantly affect breast cancer survival and use 3-dimensional protein structural analysis to illustrate the effect of some of the variants on protein structure. These provide strong evidence of the peroxisome involvement in breast cancer predisposition and pathogenicity, and provide potential targets for patient screening and targeted therapies.

26 Oct

Posted at 11:40h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Surgical Research
[caption id="attachment_64301" align="aligncenter" width="500"]breast-cancer-surgery Source[/caption]

Breast Reconstructive Surgery:

According to BreastCancer.org, the decision to have breast reconstructive surgery doesn’t have to be decided immediately following surgery to remove the breast. It can be done during mastectomy surgery or following surgery, so those who are uncertain about their decision have time to weigh the options before deciding on their best option. There are many things to consider breast reconstruction surgery, including the toll it will take on your body and how your appearance may change from before until after the surgery. Here are some things to consider if you have undergone a mastectomy. These are presented by Cancer.gov:
  • Breasts can be rebuilt using implants that contain either saline or silicone. They can also be rebuilt by using tissue elsewhere in the body.
  • The surgery can be done at the same time as the mastectomy (an immediate reconstruction) or after the surgery when the skin and incisions have had time to heal. Often, treatment is conducted during this healing time.
  • A nipple and areola can be added to the breast during the initial surgery or at a later time.

13 Sep

Posted at 09:59h in Breast Cancer
Editor's note:  Remember to follow your health care providers' instructions regarding regular breast examinations and mammograms.  Don't wait for a sign or symptom of breast cancer to get screened. Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting women worldwide. While it can be a frightening diagnosis, early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates. By being aware of the symptoms of breast cancer, individuals can take proactive steps to seek medical attention, ensuring the best possible chance for early intervention. In this article, we’ll walk through the key signs to watch for and the importance of understanding your body. [caption id="attachment_63303" align="aligncenter" width="500"]breast-cancer-pexels-anntarazevich-5483017 Source[/caption]

Understanding Breast Cancer

Before diving into the specific symptoms, it’s essential to have a basic understanding of breast cancer. Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor that can be felt as a lump or seen on imaging tests. There are several types of breast cancer, but the two most common forms are ductal carcinoma (which starts in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple) and lobular carcinoma (which begins in the lobules where breast milk is produced).

20 Jun

Posted at 15:27h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Colon Cancer, Genetic Research, JAMA
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_62041" align="alignleft" width="150"]Dr. Jeremy L. Davis M.D.Surgical Oncologist Center for Cancer Research Dr. Davis’ research focuses on sporadic and inherited forms of stomach cancer. National Cancer Institute Dr. Davis[/caption] Dr. Jeremy L. Davis M.D. Surgical Oncologist Center for Cancer Research Dr. Davis’ research focuses on sporadic and inherited forms of stomach cancer. National Cancer Institute   MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Individuals who are born with a CDH1 gene mutation are at increased risk of developing specific cancers in their lifetime. Those cancers are called diffuse-type gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. The background that is relevant here is that when mutations in this gene were first identified as the cause of inherited forms of these cancers, the estimated lifetime risk of gastric cancer, for instance, was around 60-83%. Because of this very high risk and because gastric cancer is particularly difficult to treat, many experts recommend prophylactic surgery to remove the stomach. In recent years, as we have seen more families who carry a CDH1 gene mutation, we have also observed that gastric cancer rates did not seem quite as high as those risk estimates would have suggested. We sought to re-evaluate lifetime risk of cancer with a large and diverse cohort of individuals throughout North America.

05 Jun

Posted at 10:20h in ASCO, Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Genetic Research
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_61845" align="alignleft" width="125"]Rima Patel, MDAssistant Professor, Division of Hematology/Oncology The Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Dr. Patel[/caption] Rima Patel, MD Assistant Professor, Division of Hematology/Oncology The Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai   MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: The 21-gene Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) and 70-gene MammaPrint (MP) assays provide prognostic information for distant recurrence and are used to guide chemotherapy use in hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer (EBC). Previous reports have demonstrated racial differences in the prognostic accuracy of the RS. In both the TAILORx and RxPONDER trials, Black women with low genomic risk (RS 0-25) had a higher recurrence risk than White women. In another study using the NCDB database, Black race was associated with worse overall survival in multivariate models including RS. The impacts of race/ethnicity on the MammaPrint assay are unknown.

01 May

Posted at 15:37h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, JAMA, USPSTF
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_60752" align="alignleft" width="200"]Dr. Nicholson Dr. Nicholson[/caption] Wanda K. Nicholson, M.D., M.P.H., M.B.A. Senior Associate Dean for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Professor of Prevention and Community Health Milken Institute School of Public Health George Washington University Dr. Nicholson was appointed chair of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force in March 2024. She served as vice chair from March 2022 to March 2024 and as a member of the Task Force from January 2009 through December 2013. MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths for women in the U.S. After reviewing the latest science, the Task Force recommends screening all women for breast cancer every other year starting at age 40 and continuing through age 74. This new approach has the potential to save nearly 20 percent more lives from breast cancer and has even greater potential benefit for Black women, who are much more likely to die from breast cancer.

11 Apr

Posted at 22:20h in AACR, Author Interviews, Biomarkers, Breast Cancer, Cancer Research
[caption id="attachment_61560" align="alignleft" width="125"]RJ Tesi M.D.CEO and Founder of INmune Bio Dr. Tesi[/caption] MedicalResearch.com Interview with: RJ Tesi M.D. CEO and Founder of INmune Bio MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
  • MUC4 expression by high-risk breast cancer (HER2+ or TNBC) is a biomarker that predicts resistance to therapy and an increased risk a metastasis. MUC4 expression can be determined at time of biopsy and therapeutic decisions should be adjusted to optimize the chance of response to first line therapy.
This biomarker is easily determined using immunohistochemistry in the diagnostic breast biopsy tissue similar to testing for HER2 expression. Testing for MUC4 can be easily added to the current panel of routine stains obtained at the time of the diagnostic biopsy. Knowing MUC4 status in women with high-risk breast cancer will improve results.
  • Soluble TNF causes the up regulation of immune checkpoint proteins of cells of the TME. This includes CD47 and SIRPa on tumor based macrophages and CTLA4, PD1, LAG3 and TIGIT on T cells in the TME. INB03 is a pan immune checkpoint modulator. Treatment with INB03 downregulates all immune checkpoint proteins on the cells. Downmodulation of all immune checkpoint proteins improves response to immunotherapy.
Currently, monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoint proteins are a mainstay of cancer therapy and cancer drug development. These strategies target one immune checkpoint protein at a time. To date, combination therapy targeting two immune checkpoint proteins has been tried (e.g.: anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 combination therapy) with mixed results. Combination immune checkpoint strategies may increase therapeutic response but increase toxicity. INB03 downregulates all immune checkpoint proteins. This is equivalent to giving a patient a 6 antibody cocktail – something that cannot be done in man. As expected, decreased immune checkpoint expression improves response to therapy by converting immunotherapy resistant tumors to immunotherapy sensitive tumors.
  • In TNBC, MUC4 expression predicts both resistance to anti-PD1 therapy and increased risk of distant metastasis. Treatment with INB03 decreases expression of proteins associated with tumor metastasis, decreases the number of metastasis and improves response to anti-PD1 therapy. Early use of INB03 may prevent distal disease and improve tumor control.

28 Mar

Posted at 14:30h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Radiology
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_61506" align="alignleft" width="125"]Yolanda Bryce, MDDirector, Interventional Radiology Residency Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York Dr. Bryce[/caption] Yolanda Bryce, MD Director, Interventional Radiology Residency Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York   MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? For whom would this treatment be indicated? Response: The standard of care for local breast cancer includes surgery, however many patients are poor surgical candidates or refuse surgery. I use cryoablation to treat this population.

04 Feb

Posted at 18:57h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Cancer Research
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_61313" align="alignleft" width="150"] Prof. Tanaka[/caption] Takemi Tanaka, Ph. D. Professor, Stephenson Cancer Center Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of Oklahoma Health Science Center MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Our previous cohort study has shown that breast cancer progresses 60 days after diagnostic biopsy in early-stage ER+ breast cancer. Others have also reported increased breast cancer mortality due to surgery delay. These observations raised the question of how slow-growing ER+ breast cancer progresses so quickly in just 60 days following diagnosis, prompting us to hypothesize whether needle biopsy of breast tumors accelerates pro-metastatic changes.

22 Oct

Posted at 21:07h in Breast Cancer, Technology
Breast cancer accounts for 12.5% of new annual cases in the world, making it the most common of all cancers. Early detection is vital, since when breast cancer is localized, it boasts a 99% survival rate. Despite this fact, only 64% of breast cancer cases are detected at a localized stage in the US, according to data obtained from the National Breast Cancer Foundation. The good news is that scientists at MIT have developed a new device that can simply be incorporated into a bra. Doing so would allow more frequent monitoring of people with a high risk for breast cancer and it would enable women to detect very early stage tumors.
A Patch In Time
The device is a flexible patch that can be attached to any bra. It has an ultrasound tracker that can analyze breast tissue from various angles—and the images obtained are as high in quality as those obtained from ultrasound probes used in medical imaging clinics The device provides real-time information that is easy to access and interpret. The development of the device resulted from the personal experience of MIT associate professor. Canan Dagdeviren. The latter’s aunt was diagnosed with late-stage breast cancer at the age of 49, passing away six months later. While sitting by her aunt’s bedside, the researchers created a rough schematic of a diagnostic patch that could be incorporated into a brassiere. The aim was to enable women to obtain more frequent information instead of depending on a once-yearly (or less frequent) checkup. Dagdeviren’s device is essentially a miniature 3D-printed ultrasound scanner that has tiny openings. It can be rotated to obtain images from a plethora of angles, and does not require medical expertise to use. The device leverages the very latest technology, including AI algorithms, biomedical systems, and low-power circuits

04 Oct

Posted at 22:20h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, JAMA, OBGYNE, Surgical Research
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_60897" align="alignleft" width="128"]Gabriele Martelli, MDBreast Unit, Surgery Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan, Italy Dr. Martelli[/caption] Gabriele Martelli, MD Breast Unit, Surgery Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan, Italy MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Approximately 8% of breast cancer cases are associated with pathogenic germline variants of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Women with a pathogenic BRCA1 variant have lifetime risks of breast or ovarian cancer of 45% to 80% and 30% to 60%, respectively. Women with a pathogenic BRCA2 variant have lifetime risks of breast or ovarian cancer of 35% to 60% and 10% to 25%, respectively. BRCA1 breast cancer is often more aggressive than sporadic disease, while BRCA2 breast cancer is often of similar aggressivity to sporadic disease. However, few studies have investigated outcomes of breast-conserving surgery, prophylactic mastectomy, or prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy in patients with BRCA1/2 breast cancer. We conducted a cohort study to assess outcomes of breast-conserving surgery vs mastectomy, prophylactic mastectomy vs no prophylactic mastectomy, and prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy vs no prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy in patients with BRCA1/2 breast cancer.

06 May

Posted at 12:35h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Cancer Research, JAMA, MRSA, Radiation Therapy
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_60394" align="alignleft" width="150"]Beth McLellan, M.D.Chief, Division of Dermatology Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine Dr. McLellan[/caption] Beth McLellan, M.D. Chief, Division of Dermatology Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? How is the decolonization initiated and maintained? Response: We were interested in exploring whether bacteria on the skin plays a role in radiation dermatitis like it does in other skin diseases that cause a breakdown in the skin barrier. We used a bacterial decolonization regimen that includes chlorhexidine 2% cleanser for the body and mupirocin 2% ointment to the inside of the nose for 5 consecutive days before starting radiation therapy and repeated for an additional 5 days every other week for the duration of radiation.

25 Apr

Posted at 20:33h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, JAMA, Race/Ethnic Diversity
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_60348" align="alignleft" width="200"]Mahdi Fallah, MD, PhD Study and Group Leader Risk Adapted Prevention (RAD) Group Division of Preventive Oncology National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany Dr. Fallah[/caption] Mahdi Fallah, MD, PhD Study and Group Leader Risk Adapted Prevention (RAD) Group Division of Preventive Oncology National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany   MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Breast cancer is a significant public health problem, being the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the US. Breast cancer screening from age 50 has been associated with a reduction in mortality and is recommended by the US Preventive Services Task Force. However, there is a significant disparity in mortality rates between Black and White individuals, with Black women having a higher death rate, especially before age 50. The current one-size-fits-all policy for breast cancer screening may not be equitable or optimal, and risk-adapted starting ages of screening based on known risk factors, such as race and ethnicity, may be recommended to optimize the benefit of screening. Our study aimed to provide evidence for a risk-adapted starting age of screening by race and ethnicity.

09 Mar

Posted at 19:07h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Cancer Research, JAMA, Race/Ethnic Diversity
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Hyuna Sung, PHDHyuna Sung, PHD Senior Principal Scientist, Cancer Surveillance Research American Cancer Society Kennesaw, GA 30144
  MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10% to 20% of all breast cancer diagnoses in the US. This subtype of breast cancer tends to spread faster and has fewer treatment options. In the US, Black women are about two-fold more likely than White women to develop TNBC.

07 Dec

Posted at 13:23h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Mammograms
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_59804" align="alignleft" width="150"]Wendie Berg, MD, PhD, FACRProfessor of Radiology University of Pittsburgh Dr. Berg[/caption] Wendie Berg, MD, PhD, FACR Professor of Radiology University of Pittsburgh MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Mammography misses many cancers in women with a personal history of breast cancer (PHBC). MRI improves early detection of cancer in women with PHBC and the American College of Radiology recommends adding MRI every year for women with PHBC and dense breasts or diagnosis by age 50 but not every woman can tolerate MRI. Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) appears to be a good alternative to MRI.  Our study examined performance of CEM after tomosynthesis in women with PHBC.  We first trained our radiologists in CEM (Berg WA et al JBI 2021) and two radiologists interpreted both tomosynthesis and CEM on every participant.

15 Jun

Posted at 11:01h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, JAMA, Mammograms, Medical Imaging, UCSF
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_59257" align="alignleft" width="180"]Karla Kerlikowske, MD. Professor, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics,  Cancer Center Program Membership. Breast Oncology  UCSF Dr. Kerlikowske[/caption] Karla Kerlikowske, MD. Professor, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, Cancer Center Program Membership. Breast Oncology UCSF MedicalResearch.com:  What is the background for this study?  Response: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) was developed with the expectation it would improve detection of breast cancer in women with dense breasts and decrease false-positive results. DBT is now available at most breast screening centers.

09 Jun

Posted at 11:07h in ASCO, Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Cancer Research, Race/Ethnic Diversity
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_59217" align="alignleft" width="92"]Sachi Singhal, MD Department of Medicine Crozer Chester Medical Center Upland, PA  Dr. Singhal[/caption] Sachi Singhal, MD Department of Medicine Crozer Chester Medical Center Upland, PA MedicalResearch.com:  What is the background for this study?  What are the main findings? Response: This study focuses on analysing the National Inpatient Sample for patients with breast cancer, their breakdown by race, gender and US regions, and their mortality per sub-group. The main findings are that African Americans, especially AA women are at significantly increased odds of dying from metastatic breast cancer in the United States.

18 May

Posted at 16:16h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, JACC, Weight Research
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_59166" align="alignleft" width="200"]Dr. Amy Kirkham, PhD Assistant Professor of Clinical Cardiovascular Health Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education University of Toronto Affiliate Scientist at Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Dr. Kirkham[/caption] Dr. Amy Kirkham, PhD Assistant Professor of Clinical Cardiovascular Health Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education University of Toronto Affiliate Scientist at Toronto Rehabilitation Institute MedicalResearch.com:  What is the background for this study?  Response: Women who have had a breast cancer diagnosis are at least two-fold and often higher risk of cardiovascular or heart disease compared to women without a history of breast cancer. Older age, higher body mass index, and receipt of chemotherapy treatment that can injure the heart are risk factors for cardiovascular death after a breast cancer diagnosis. Time-restricted eating is a type of intermittent fasting that appears to be easy to follow and to improve some measures of metabolic health but has not been studied in populations with a cancer history. Time-restricted eating simply involves consuming all calorie intake within a specific time window, commonly 8 hours, like between 12 and 8 pm, and then only consuming water or black coffee outside of those hours. We enrolled breast cancer survivors who were aged 60 or older, had an overweight or obese mass index, and were finished chemotherapy treatment in a single-arm trial of time-restricted eating for 8 weeks. We asked participants to restrict their calorie intake between 12 and 8 pm from Monday to Friday with no restrictions on weekend and no further instructions on what to eat.

26 Apr

Posted at 15:41h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Cancer Research, Race/Ethnic Diversity, Vitamin D
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_59088" align="alignleft" width="100"]Katie M. O’Brien PhD Chronic Disease Epidemiology Group National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Dr. O'Brien[/caption] Katie M. O’Brien PhD Chronic Disease Epidemiology Group National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences MedicalResearch.com:  What is the background for this study?  What are the main findings? Response: Vitamin D may protect against breast cancer. Although women of color have lower average vitamin D levels than non-Hispanic White women, few studies have considered the role of race/ethnicity. In a sample of self-identified Black/African American and Hispanic/Latina women, we observed that vitamin D concentrations measured in blood were inversely associated with breast cancer, particularly among Latinas. These findings indicate that vitamin D may protect against breast cancer, including among racial/ethnic groups with low average circulating levels.

18 Jun

Posted at 19:22h in ASCO, Author Interviews, Biomarkers, Breast Cancer
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_57650" align="alignleft" width="200"]Dr. Frank Vicini, MD, FACR, FASTRO Principal Investigator Radiation Oncologist at GenesisCare Member of NRG Oncology Dr. Frank Vicini[/caption] Dr. Frank Vicini, MD, FACR, FASTRO Principal Investigator Radiation Oncologist at GenesisCare Member of NRG Oncology MedicalResearch.com: Would you briefly explain what is meant by DCIS? Response: DCIS stands for ductal carcinoma in situ and indicates the presence of abnormal cells inside a milk duct in one or both breasts. Sometimes referred to as Stage 0 (zero), it is considered the earliest form of breast cancer and is noninvasive. The tumor has not yet left the duct-- a passageway that transports milk from the breast lobules to the nipple-- and begun to invade the healthy tissue surrounding it. Standard treatment options for DCIS include surgery, radiation therapy and hormonal therapy.

08 Jun

Posted at 13:34h in ASCO, Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Cancer Research, Journal Clinical Oncology, Metabolic Syndrome, Race/Ethnic Diversity, Social Issues
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_57584" align="alignleft" width="130"]Giampaolo Greco PhD MPH Assistant Professor Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine  at Mount Sinai Dr. Greco[/caption] Giampaolo Greco PhD MPH Assistant Professor Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine  at Mount Sinai MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: The motivation for our study was to understand why mortality rate from breast cancer is much higher in African American women than in White women, despite the fact that these groups have similar incidence rate of breast cancer. Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that includes abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, is more prevalent among African American women and may be a risk factor for breast cancer. Subjective social status (SSS) is the perception of individuals of their own ranking in the social hierarchy and complements other parameters of socioeconomic status, such as income and education, that are considered more objective. Socioeconomic status is associated with cardiovascular and mental health. Although objective measures of social status are associated with worse breast cancer outcomes, the relationship of SSS to breast cancer is uncertain.

03 Jun

Posted at 18:31h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Cancer Research, Radiation Therapy
  [caption id="attachment_57547" align="alignleft" width="400"]Prof Jeffrey S Tobias, Prof Jayant S Vaidya, Prof Max Bulsara and Prof Michael Baum Prof Jeffrey S Tobias, Prof Jayant S Vaidya, Prof Max Bulsara and Prof Michael BaumMedicalResearch.com Interview with:[/caption] Professor Jayant S Vaidya MBBS MS DNB FRCS PhD Professor of Surgery and Oncology University College London MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What type of single dose radiation is used? Response: The new paper published in the British Journal of Cancer (go.nature.com/3yN0mzu) expands on the previously published results of the large international randomised trial (TARGIT-A trial)(BMJ 2020;370:m2836), that confirmed the long-term effectiveness of Targeted Intraoperative Radiotherapy (TARGIT-IORT): a breast cancer treatment which is increasingly available throughout the world. The TARGIT-A trial found that a single dose of targeted radiotherapy during surgery (TARGIT-IORT) is just as effective as conventional radiotherapy, which requires several visits to hospital after surgery. From the perspective of patients, it is so much better for them and also allows prompt completion of cancer treatment during the COVID pandemic. Conventional external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is delivered from outside the body via a radiotherapy machine (linear accelerator), and consists of a daily treatment session (known as fractions) to the whole breast, over a period between three to six weeks. Each of these treatments is given over a few minutes, but requires up to 30 hospital visits, which could be a significant distance from where the patient lives. TARGIT-IORT is delivered immediately after lumpectomy (tumour removal), via a small ball-shaped device placed inside the breast, directly where the cancer had been. The single-dose treatment lasts for around 20 to 30 minutes and replaces the need for extra hospital visits, benefiting both patient safety and well-being. The device used is called INTRABEAM. The new results are described on the Nature.com and UCL webpages https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2021/may/pioneering-single-dose-radiotherapy-breast-cancer-treatment and explained in a short video https://youtu.be/w0OMjVfJ5pY 

17 May

Posted at 10:12h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, JAMA, Race/Ethnic Diversity
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_57430" align="alignleft" width="108"]Ying Liu, MD, PhD Assistant Professor Washington University School of Medicine Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences St. Louis, MO  Dr. Ying Liu[/caption] Ying Liu, MD, PhD Assistant Professor Washington University School of Medicine Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences St. Louis, MO MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Non-Hispanic African American women experience a disproportional burden of poor breast cancer outcomes than non-Hispanic White women, which is associated with a higher incidence of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), more advanced stages at diagnosis, and lower treatment adherence. However, the differences in clinical treatment and outcomes between African American women with TNBC and their White counterparts have not been well defined.

09 May

Posted at 11:32h in Author Interviews, Breast Cancer, Cancer Research, Personalized Medicine
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_57385" align="alignleft" width="99"]Kelly de Ligt, PhD Postdoctoral researcher | Project lead ‘PRO implementation in clinical care’ Psycho Social Research and Epidemiology (PSOE) Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Dr. de Ligt[/caption] Kelly de Ligt, PhD Postdoctoral researcher | Project lead ‘PRO implementation in clinical care’ Psycho Social Research and Epidemiology (PSOE) Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and survivorship has become increasingly important within breast cancer care, as the majority of women survives at least 10 years after breast cancer diagnosis. Breast cancer survivors may experience multiple co-existing symptoms that affect their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Previous studies have mainly studied these symptoms as separate, independent items. However in reality, survivors usually experience multiple symptoms that can add up. We therefore studied the overall symptom burden in breast cancer survivors and tried to identify patterns in this. We believe this may be more relevant, as currently the needs of breast cancer survivors are not fully met and there is a growing demand for personalized follow-up care. We selected breast cancer survivors from the Netherlands Cancer Registry, which contains comprehensive information about diagnosis and treatment for all cancer patients in the Netherlands. Women who had been surgically treated with or without adjuvant treatment for breast cancer stages I to III and between one and five years after diagnosis were invited to participate in our survey. A total of 404 participating survivors were questioned about their experienced burden for fatigue, nausea, pain, shortness of breath, insomnia, appetite, constipation, diarrhoea, as well as emotional and cognitive symptoms