Dermatologists recommend several non-invasive treatments found in modern skincare products. These choices are meant to fit daily schedules and yield...
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Dermatologists recommend several non-invasive treatments found in modern skincare products. These choices are meant to fit daily schedules and yield...
Modern cosmetic treatments offer non-invasive options that can provide faster results for those looking to address deeper wrinkles, sagging skin,...
, understanding the process is crucial—results don’t appear immediately, so patience is necessary to see the full effects over time....
Many patients curious about fillers but unsure where to start. It's important to know that different fillers work best for different areas of the face. Some are great for plumping lips, while others excel at filling in deep lines around the mouth or eyes.
When thinking about getting fillers, it's crucial to talk with a skilled doctor. They can help you pick the right type for your goals and explain what to expect. Fillers can give quick results, but they don't last forever. Most need to be redone every few months to a year.
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The Stars Know
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
David Granville, BSc, PhD, FAHA
Professor, University of British Columbia
Scholar of the Royal Society of Canada
Director, GEM Facility, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital Founder and CSO, viDA Therapeutics, Inc.
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Medical Research: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Dr. Granville: My background is in cardiovascular research. In particular, how age affects blood vessels and how age affects mechanisms of blood vessel and heart injury and repair. We became interested in skin aging during a study in which we were studying the role of a protein degrading enzyme known as Granzyme B in atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and aging. In these studies, we were using a genetic mouse model that is prone to accelerated aging, and knocked out Granzyme B. Although we were initially focused on the blood vessels, we also found that Granzyme B-deficient mice exhibited younger-looking skin. As we started to look into this, we became aware that UV light can induce the skin cells to produce Granzyme B. As sunlight is believed to be responsible for 80-90% of preventable skin aging, we generated a solar-simulated light box (with the similar ratios of UVA/UVB to sunlight) to assess whether Granzyme B played a role in UV-induced skin aging (aka photoaging). We exposed the mice to repetitive, low dose UV three times per week for 20 weeks. After 20 weeks we observed that Granzyme B deficient mice exhibited fewer wrinkles. We then wanted to look histologically and biochemically into how Granzyme B was affecting skin morphology. Granzyme B deficient mice exhibited greater collagen density compared to mice that possessed Granzyme B. As we looked into the mechanism in more detail, we determined that Granzyme B was cleaving a protein known as decorin. Decorin is responsible for collagen fibrillogenesis and assembling collagen into tight bundles. Loss of decorin is associated with a loss of collagen tensile strength. Interestingly, decorin also protects collagen from destruction by a protein-degrading enzyme known as MMP1. We showed in the study that by breaking down decorin, Granzyme B renders collagen susceptible to MMP1-mediated degradation. In addition, we showed that Granzyme B-fragmentation of another protein, fibronectin, led to the upregulation of MMP1 in skin fibroblasts. In summary, the paper showed that UV induced Granzyme B expression in the skin and showed that this enzyme contributes to the breakdown of extracellular matrix proteins and formation of wrinkles.
A link to the Aging Cell publication: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.12298/pdf
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