03 Sep CVD Risk: Metabolic Health, not BMI, determined risk in young women
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Dr Søren Skøtt Andersen and Dr Michelle Schmiegelow
Study done in collaboration between Roskilde University Hospital
and Gentofte University Hospital in Denmark.
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?
Answer: The main finding of this study of young women was that a body mass index above or equal to 25 kg/m2 in metabolically healthy women was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke) within 5 years of follow-up. A BMI >= 25 kg/m2 in women with any metabolic disorder was associated with a 4-fold significant increased risk of the end-point. As increasing BMI is strongly associated with risk of developing metabolic disorders, the key message of this study is to stress the importance of preventing the development of metabolic disorders in overweight/obese women during this possible “window of opportunity”.
MedicalResearch.com: Were any of the findings unexpected?
Answer: We found it somewhat surprising that we were able to prove an association between metabolic unhealth and risk of cardiovascular events in a population of women as young as ours (median age only 31 years) within only 5 years of follow-up.
MedicalResearch.com: What should clinicians and patients take away from this study?
Answer: We hope that these results will raise awareness of the importance for clinicians to motivate overweight/obese young women to change their lifestyle (dietary habits, physical activity etc) in order to prevent the development of metabolic disorders and this advice should be offered at a young age.
MedicalResearch.com: What further research do you recommend as a result of your study?
Answer: The findings of our study should be investigated in other populations such as men, and more elderly populations.
Press Release:
Metabolically healthy women have same CVD risk regardless of BMI
Topics: Cardiovascular Disease Prevention – Risk Assessment and Management
Date: 02 Sep 2013
Metabolically healthy women have the same cardiovascular disease risk regardless of their BMI. The findings suggest that obese women have a window of opportunity to lose weight and avoid developing a metabolic disorder, which would increase their CVD risk.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands – Monday 2 September 2013: Metabolically healthy women have the same cardiovascular disease risk regardless of their BMI, according to research presented at the ESC Congress today by Dr Søren Skøtt Andersen and Dr Michelle Schmiegelow from Denmark. The findings in more than 260,000 subjects suggest that obese women have a window of opportunity to lose weight and avoid developing a metabolic disorder, which would increase their CVD risk.
Dr Schmiegelow said: “Obesity and/or metabolic disorders (hypertensive disorders [hypertension, gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia], disorders in glucose-metabolism [diabetes, gestational diabetes] and elevated cholesterol levels [dyslipidemia]) are well known cardiovascular risk factors. Studies in middle aged men have found that obese and normal weight men have the same cardiovascular risk if they are metabolically healthy. Our study aimed to find out if the same was true for young fertile women.”
The study used Danish national health databases and followed 261,489 women who had given birth during 2004-2009 with no prior history of cardiovascular disease. The women were divided into four categories according to their pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and presence of metabolic disorders (present/not present) (see figure). The women’s mean age was 31 years.
The women were followed for an average of 5 years following childbirth. Discharge diagnoses and data on cause of death were used to determine if the women had a heart attack, a stroke, or died. Metabolic disorders were defined using claimed prescription data related to hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia; thus, only disorders being treated were taken into account. The pregnancy-associated metabolic disorders were defined using diagnosis codes.
The researchers found that being overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2) but metabolically healthy was not associated with an increased risk of a heart attack, stroke or a combination of heart attack/stroke/death in comparison with normal weight, metabolically healthy women.
Dr Schmiegelow said: “Being overweight but free of metabolic disorders does not seem to be associated with an increased risk in young women in the short term. However, development of metabolic disorders, for which obesity is a major determinant, is associated with a marked increase in cardiovascular risk, especially in overweight women even in the short term.”
The investigators found that the metabolically unhealthy, overweight women had an almost 7-fold increased risk of heart attack and a 4-fold increased risk of stroke.
Dr Schmiegelow said: “It is important to note that the absolute risks were still low in this young population, but the key message from this study is that the consequences of obesity become apparent even in a young, low-risk population within a relatively short period of follow-up.”
She added: “Our results clearly show that being overweight but metabolically healthy is not associated with an excess cardiovascular risk in comparison with normal weight healthy women. However being normal weight or overweight with metabolic disorders is associated with a marked increase in risk that is present in a young female population with a mean age of only 31 years and within a short span of follow up.”
Dr Schmiegelow concluded: “Our results indicate that obesity might not be all bad if the overweight woman has not developed any hypertensive disorders, disorders in glucose-metabolism or elevated cholesterol levels. But because obesity markedly increases the risk of developing these metabolic disorders, these women most likely have a window of opportunity to lose weight and change their prognosis.”
Authors: ESC Press Office Posted September 2 2013
Last Updated on September 3, 2013 by Marie Benz MD FAAD