MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Dr. Eric M. Mortensen, M.D., M.Sc.
VA North Texas Health Care System and
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
MedicalResearch: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Mortensen: The main findings of our study was that for older patients hospitalized with pneumonia that with the use of azithromycin although there is a small increase in the number of non-fatal heart attacks there was a much lower decrease in mortality. In addition there were no other significant increases in cardiac events. So the overall risk:benefit ratio was that for each non-fatal heart attack there were 7 deaths that were prevented.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Dr. Vincent Yi-Fong Su
Department of Chest Medicine
Taipei Veterans General Hospital
Taipei, Taiwan
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: We found interestingly that patients with sleep apnea experienced a 1.20-fold (95% CI, 1.10-1.31; p <0.001) increase in incident pneumonia compared to patients without sleep apnea. We also demonstrated an “exposure-response relationship,” in that the patients with more severe sleep apnea might have a higher risk for pneumonia than did those of milder severity.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Valérie D'Acremont, MD, PhD
Group leader
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute | Basel | Switzerland
Médecin-adjointe, PD-MER
Travel clinic | Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine | University hospital of Lausanne | Switzerland
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. D'Acremont: We discovered that, in a rural and an urban area of Tanzania, half of the children with fever (temperature >38°C) had an acute respiratory infection, mainly of the upper tract (5% only had radiological pneumonia). These infections were mostly of viral origin, in particular influenza. The other children had systemic viral infections such as HHV6, parvovirus B19, EBV or CMV. Overall viral diseases represented 71% of the cases. Only a minority (22%) had a bacterial infection such as typhoid fever, urinary tract infection or sepsis due to bacteremia. Malaria was found in only 10% of the children, even in the rural setting.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview Invitation with:Dr. Peter Lindenauer MD MS
Director, Center for Quality of Care Research
Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, US
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: Among a cohort of 250,000 patients hospitalized for pneumonia at 347 US hospitals, those with a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea were twice as likely to be intubated at the time of hospital admission than patients without sleep apnea. In addition, patients with sleep apnea had approximately 50% higher risk of needing to be transferred to the ICU after initial admission to a regular bed, and a 70% increased risk of requiring intubation later in the hospital stay. Patients with sleep apnea stayed longer in the hospital and incurred higher costs than those without sleep apnea.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Dr Simone Gattarello
Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Critical Care Department
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Medicine Department, Spain
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Gattarello: The main findings from the present study are a 15% decrease in ICU mortality due to severe community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in the last decade; moreover, several changes in antibiotic prescription practices were detected and an association between improved survival and both earlier antibiotic administration and increased combined antibiotic therapy were identified. In summary, in severe pneumococcal pneumonia combined antibiotic therapy and early antibiotic administration are associated with lower mortality.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Pranab K. Mukherjee, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Center for Medical Mycology
Department of Dermatology
University Hospitals Case Medical Center
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, OH 44106-5028
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: We performed a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial to assess the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of a cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-based oral spray in the prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infections (URIs).
The tested CPC spray (ARMS-I, developed by Arms Pharmaceutical LLC, Cleveland, OH) was safe and exhibited high tolerability and acceptability among study participants
The product exhibited a trend to protect against URIs (55% relative reduction compared to the placebo), based on confirmed URIs, post-medication exit interviews, and daily electronic diaries completed by study participants
There was statistically significant reduction in frequency of cough and sore throat in the active group
The number of days (duration) of cough was significantly reduced in the active group compared to placebo arm
URI-associated viruses (influenza, rhinovirus and coronavirus) were detected in three individuals, all in the placebo arm. No virus was detected in the active arm/
No drug-related adverse events or oral lesions were observed
Previous vaccination status of the study participants did not affect the study outcome.
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Andreas Beyerlein, PhD
Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Forschergruppe Diabetes der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
MedicalResearch.com What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Beyerlein: We identified respiratory infections in early childhood, especially in the first year of life, as a risk factor for islet autoimmunity, which is known as a precursor of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We also found some evidence for short term effects of infectious events on development of autoimmunity.
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