25 Sep Early Immune Intervention May Prevent Atopic March of Eczema and Allergies

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Emma Guttman-Yassky, MD, PhD
Professor of Dermatology and Immunology
Vice Chair of the Department of Dermatology at the Icahn School of Medicine and
Amy S. Paller, MD
Walter J. Hamlin Professor
Chair of the Department of Dermatology at Northwestern

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Researchers for the first time have identified the skin phenotype of pediatric eczema or atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants, opening the door for personalized treatment approaches for young children with eczema. The study, led by researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine, was published online today in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

Emma Guttman-Yassky, MD, PhD, Professor of Dermatology and Immunology, and Vice Chair of the Department of Dermatology at the Icahn School of Medicine, and Amy S. Paller, MD, Walter J. Hamlin Professor and Chair of the Department of Dermatology at Northwestern, investigated lesional and non-lesional skin biopsies from 19 AD infants under the age of five, and compared them to age-matched pediatric controls, in addition to adult AD biopsies. The researchers found that the non-lesional, or normal-appearing, skin of young children with early eczema is already highly abnormal with significant immune activation, simulating that of lesional skin of adults with many years of active disease.

MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings?

Response: “The important findings may suggest the need for early immune intervention at a young age, not only to treat the eczema but perhaps also to prevent other allergic diseases (such as asthma, food allergies, seasonal allergies which usually follow the development of eczema, also known as the atopic march,” said Dr. Guttman-Yassky, whose research on atopic dermatitis focuses on the mechanism of the underlying disease and promotes development of targeted therapeutics. Her past research has identified biomarkers for current treatments for AD.

The study also highlighted some important differences between the adult and pediatric phenotypes.

First, the research showed that pediatric  atopic dermatitis is associated with increased lymphocyte activation, including Th2 lymphocyte cells, which is also similar to adults with AD.

Next, the researchers discovered that that unlike the adult disease, the pediatric eczema profile has robust and significant increases of Th17 T lymphocyte cells, which are characteristically increased in psoriasis, a disease that is now being successfully targeted in using anti IL-17 and IL-23-targeting strategies. “In addition to targeting Th2 lymphocyte cells as in adults, treatment approaches for children with eczema may need to target other types of T lymphocytes, particularly Th17 T lymphocytes,” said Dr. Guttman-Yassky.

Lastly, another significant finding was that the study found no abnormalities in pediatric eczema skin in an abundant barrier differentiation protein called filaggrin—which has been markedly deficient in adult eczema skin and blamed for the epidermal barrier (outer layer of the skin) abnormalities and characterizes the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Additionally, the researchers also found that early eczema skin does not show the deficiency in skin-produced infection-fighting proteins that has been described in adult eczema skin. Drs. Guttman-Yassky and Paller were intrigued by these findings, noting that they challenge the classically held idea of filaggrin deficiency as an instigator of the atopic march.

MedicalResearch.com: What should readers take away from your report?

Response: Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory, extremely itchy skin disorder that affects 10 to 20 percent of children in the United States and more than 31 million adults. According to Dr. Paller, understanding the similarities and differences between eczema in pediatric patients versus adult patients is important for making treatment decisions for children. “For the first time, this study shows that many of the same changes seen in adult atopic dermatitis are, in fact, present and sometimes even greater in infants and young children with moderate to severe AD within 6 months of disease onset,” said Dr. Paller.

MedicalResearch.com: What recommendations do you have for future research as a result of this study?

Response: “This important study emphasizes the great need of better understanding the immune system in pediatric skin and shows that treating eczema may require a more personalized medicine based on age and other factors such as race and ethnicity,” said Mark Lebwohl, MD, Sol and Clara Kest Professor of Dermatology and Chair of the Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. “Dr. Guttman-Yassky’s research is opening the door to new therapeutic discoveries and helping to improve the quality of lives of adults and children with eczema. 

MedicalResearch.com: Thank you for your contribution to the MedicalResearch.com community.

Citation:

Hitokazu Esaki, Patrick M. Brunner, Yael Renert-Yuval, Tali Czarnowicki, Thy Huynh, Gary Tran, Sarah Lyon, Giselle Rodriguez, Supriya Immaneni, Donald B. Johnson, Bruce Bauer, Judilyn Fuentes-Duculan, Xiuzhong Zheng, Xiangyu Peng, Yeriel D. Estrada, Hui Xu, Christina de Guzman Strong, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, James G. Krueger, Amy S. Paller, Emma Guttman-Yassky. Early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis is TH2 but also TH17 polarized in skin. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, September 2016 DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.013

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Last Updated on September 25, 2016 by Marie Benz MD FAAD