Inserm Tag
05 Nov Chronic Strenuous Physical Activity At Work Could Harm Cardiovascular Health
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Rachel E. Climie PhD INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC) Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease Team, University de Paris, Paris, France. MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: It is well known that physical activity (PA) is beneficial for cardiovascular health. However, little consideration is given as to whether different domains of PA have differing associations with health outcomes. Indeed, recent work has shown that high amounts of PA at work are associated with increased risk of early death, however the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we explored the relationship between physical activity at work, during leisure time and as structured sport with baroreflex sensitivity. We distinguished between the mechanical (dependent on the stiffness of the arterial wall) and neural (nerve impulses sent by the receptors on the walls of the artery) components of the baroreflex. Importantly, baroreflex sensitivity is crucial for short- term blood pressure control and reduced baroreflex function is related to higher risk of cardiac mortality and sudden death.
24 Oct Nurses Exposed to Chemical Disinfectants May Have Greater Risk of COPD
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_51943" align="alignleft" width="100"] Dr. Dumas[/caption]
Orianne Dumas, PhD
INSERM Aging and Chronic Diseases,
Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches,Villejuif,
University de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines,
Montigny le Bretonneux
France
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Exposure to cleaning products and disinfectants is common at work and at home and remains more frequent among women. Exposure levels are particularly high in the health care industry. The respiratory health risks associated with exposure to cleaning products and disinfectants are increasingly recognized. Although investigators have primarily focused on asthma, the irritant properties of many chemicals contained in disinfectants support the study of a broader range of respiratory effects, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
26 Aug French More Likely to Transplant Kidneys from Older, Sicker Patients
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_51066" align="alignleft" width="186"] Prof. Loupy[/caption]
Alexandre Loupy, MD PhD
Nephrologist, Department of Nephrology & Kidney Transplantation
Necker Hospital, Paris
Head of the Paris Transplant Group (Inserm)
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: The lack of organs for kidney transplantation is a major public health problem across the world, due to its attributable mortality and excess cost to healthcare systems while waitlisted patients are maintained on chronic dialysis. Nearly 5,000 people in the US and 3,500 people in Europe die each year while waiting for a kidney transplant. Yet in the US, over 3,500 donated kidneys are discarded annually, representing almost 18% of the available organs, while the discard rate in France is only 6,8%, though these countries have similar organ allocation systems and offer the same treatments to patients after transplant.
We thus compared the use of donated kidneys in the US to France from 2004-2014 in much more depth, using a new approach based on validated analytic methods and computer simulation.
19 Apr Stroke: Experimental Antiplatelet Antibody Only Attacks Clots, Without Increasing Bleeding Risk
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_48722" align="alignleft" width="200"] Dr. Jandrot-Perrus[/caption]
Martine Jandrot-Perrus MD, PhD.
Emeritus Research Professor
Inserm University Paris Diderot
Acticor Biotech
Hôpital Bichat
France
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Blood platelets are key actors in thrombosis a leading cause of global mortality estimated to account for 1 in 4 death worldwide in 2010.
Thrombosis is associated with cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction, stroke, lower limb ischemia, venous thromboembolism), and with numerous pathologies such as cancer, infections or inflammatory diseases. Currently available antiplatelet drugs are the cornerstone of therapy for patients with acute coronary syndromes. However, these drugs all carry an inherent risk of bleeding that restricts their use in sensitive populations and when arterial thrombosis occurs in the cerebral territory. At present the only acute treatment option available for ischemic stroke consists in revascularization by thrombolysis, and/or mechanical thrombectomy. But the number of patients eligible to these treatments is low (» 15% of all patients) and the success rate does not exceed 50%. The responsibility of platelets in the failure for thrombolysis / thrombectomy to restore vascular patency is strongly suspected.
There is thus a clear medical need for new antiplatelet drugs with an improved safety profile. We set out to develop ACT017, a novel, first in class, therapeutic antibody to platelet glycoprotein VI with potent and selective antiplatelet effects. The interest of GPVI resides in the fact that it's a receptor involved in the development of occlusive thrombi but that it is not strictly required for physiological hemostasis.
14 Feb Hepatitis C: Study finds Direct Acting Antivirals Reduce Mortality and Liver Cancer
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_47495" align="alignleft" width="133"] Prof. Carrat,[/caption] Prof. Fabrice Carrat, MD, PhD Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Most studies on direct acting antivirals were focused on sustained vriological response (SVR) rates, but few studies addressed the issue of clinical...
17 Dec Link Between Number of Migraines and Diabetes Risk
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_46571" align="alignleft" width="200"] Dr. Guy Fagherazzi[/caption]
Guy Fagherazzi, MSc, PhD, HDR
Senior Research Scientist in Digital & Diabetes Epidemiology
Center of Research in Epidemiology and Population Health
Inserm, Paris-South Paris-Saclay University
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Migraine has further been associated with increased risk of overall and specific cardiovascular disease events.
Because migraine has also been associated with factors related with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, an association between migraine and diabetes has been hypothesized.
We observed a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women with active migraine.
We also show a linear decrease of migraine prevalence long before and a plateau long after type 2 diabetes diagnosis.
07 Nov Few Than 10% in Large Study Have Optimal Cardiovascular Health
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_45677" align="alignleft" width="128"] Dr. Empana[/caption]
Dr. Jean Philippe Empana, MD, PhD
Research Director, INSERM U970
Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC) Team 4 Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Sudden Death Paris Descartes University
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: In 2010, the American Heart Association (AHA) has emphasized the primary importance of the Primordial prevention concept, i.e. preventing the development of risk factors before they emerge, as a complementary prevention strategy for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Accordingly, the AHA has developed a simple 7-item tool, including 4 behavioral (nonsmoking, and ideal levels of body weight, physical activity and diet) and 3 biological metrics (ideal levels of untreated blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol) for promoting an optimal cardiovascular health (CVH). The relevance of the concept and of the tool has been several times reported by individual studies and meta-analyses (combining the results of several studies) showing substantial and graded benefit for cardiovascular disease but also mortality, quality of life and even cancer risk with higher level of CVH. However, most studies relied on one measure of cardiovascular health.
In the present work, using serial examinations from the well-known Whitehall Study II, we described change in CVH over time and then quantified the association of change in cardiovascular health over 10 years with subsequent incident cardiovascular disease and mortality. This analysis is based on 9256 UK men and women aged 30 to 55 in 1985-88, and thereafter examined every 5 years on average during 30 years.
21 Aug Cardiovascular Risk Factors Also Linked to Dementia
These findings support the promotion if cardiovascular health to prevent the development of risk factors associated with dementia. ...