MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Rebecca J. Scharf MD MPH
Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
Kluge Children's Rehabilitation Center
Center for Global Health
MedicalResearch.com: What are the...
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Keith Summa MD/PhD StudentNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
Disruption of the Circadian Clock in Mice Increases Intestinal Permeability and Promotes Alcohol-Induced Pathology and InflammationMedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: The main findings of the study were that disruption of circadian rhythms, which we achieved using independent genetic and environmental strategies in mice, leads to impaired function of the intestinal epithelial barrier. This loss of epithelial barrier integrity, which has been associated with numerous diseases, results in "gut leakiness," a phenomenon in which endotoxin from gut bacteria can cross the intestinal wall and enter circulation, promoting inflammation. In particular, using in a disease model of gut-derived endotoxemia and inflammation, alcoholic liver disease, we found the circadian disruption interacted with alcohol, leading to increased gut leakiness, inflammation and liver damage.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Frederick M. Brown, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
The Pennsylvania State University
Department of Psychology, Cognitive and Wellness
Director, Human Performance Rhythms Laboratory
MedicalResearch.com: What was the primary finding of your study?Dr. Brown:Time of day of an occupation, as well as a regular versus irregular
routine, may influence whether a person wants to go into it or not. Most
educational research has focused on academic major selection motivated
by job aptitude, personality, and sociocultural factors. Our findings
suggest that a person’s genetically determined built-in morning versus
evening (M/E) preference for best time of day to work or sleep may
influence career choice in two important ways: This M/E preference for
work and sleep is related to 1) personality and to 2) the time of day
the job is executed. These may interact with how much sleep a person
thinks they need. In addition to the personality traits associated with
M/E, such as morning people being more introverted and evening people
more extroverted, an individual’s choice of major may be influenced by
their preference for the typical work hours of a profession, such as a
routine 9-to-5 schedule versus irregular evening and weekend work.
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MedicalResearch.com eInterview with:Linden Oliver, MA, Clinical Research Coordinator
University of Pennsylvania Behavioral Sleep Medicine Research Program Philadelphia, Pa
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer:We found that less sleep is associated with greater suicide risk in those with insomnia. Specifically, we looked at suicide risk in people with insomnia, and also asked how much sleep they got in the past month. In those with some suicide risk, the likelihood of being high risk (versus low risk) decreased by 72% for every hour of sleep that person reported getting at night.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with Dr. Ciaran McMullan MD
from Channing Division of Network Medicine in Boston, a research division within the Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston Mass
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. McMullan: In this observational study performed in non-diabetic women we found that lower nocturnal melatonin secretion predicted future risk of developing type 2 diabetes. When we categorized the individuals by category of nocturnal melatonin secretion we found that those in the lowest category had twice the risk as those in the highest category of nocturnal melatonin secretion. This association remained even after adjusting for other well established risk factors for development of diabetes including body mass index, physical activity, dietary factors, family history of diabetes, smoking and hypertension. This increased risk translates into the lower melatonin secretion group having an additional 5 cases of incident diabetes per 1000 person years than the high melatonin secretion group.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview withMatt T. Bianchi MD PhD MMSc
Assistant Professor
Department of Neurology
Director, Sleep Division
Massachusetts General HospitalMedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?
Dr. Bianchi: We showed that patients reporting symptoms of insomnia tend to under-estimate the amount of time they slept during overnight sleep testing in our clinical sleep laboratory.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Christer Hublin
Apulaisylilääkäri, neurologian dosentti (Helsingin yliopisto) - Assistant Chief Medical Officer, Docent (Adjunct Professor) in Neurology (Helsinki University)
Unilääketieteen erityispätevyys (Suomen lääkäriliitto)
Sleep medicine specialist (NOSMAC/ESRS)
Työterveyslaitos - Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
FIN-00250 Helsinki Finland
MedicalResearch.com What are the main findings of the study?Answer:We found in an adult twin cohort (the Finnish Twin Cohort) that the proportion of variance in sleep length accounted for by genetic effects was relatively low (about one third) but stable (correlation 0.76 over a period of 15 years.). In contrast, the proportion of variance accounted for by environmental effects was high (about 0.7) and these effects were less stable (correlation over the time period 0.18). The proportion of short sleepers was more than doubled in both genders, whereas in the proportion of long sleepers no major change was seen during the follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study providing data on the contribution of genetic factors to stability and change of sleep length over time.
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