MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Dr. George Patton
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne
Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute,
Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Patton: Although there has been wide acceptance that the teens are a time when emotional problems are common, views have been polarized about their significance. Some have viewed these problems are usual for this phase of life with little significance for later life mental health; others have argued that early psychiatric intervention was essential given the risks of ongoing disorders.
In this sample almost two thirds of girls and a third of boys had an episode of emotional troubles (anxiety and depression) at a level that would concern a family physician. For those where the episode were brief lasting weeks to months, recovery without further later life episodes was common. In contrast those with persistent (longer than 6 months) or recurrent emotional problems during the teens had a high likelihood of similar problems with depression and anxiety in their twenties. In general these emotional problems persisted more in females than in males.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Ethan K Gough, PhD candidate
Department of Epidemiology
Biostatistics and Occupational Health
McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: Antibiotic use produces significant gains toward expected growth in children, for their age and sex, from low- and middle-income countries. Children included in our study were generally smaller in height and weight than adequately nourished children of the same age, reflecting the spectrum of stunting and wasting malnutrition seen in low- and middle-income countries. Antibiotic use had a larger impact on weight than height, and the effect on weight was larger in populations who may be at greater risk of infections and early mortality, such as populations with a high prevalence of HIV infection or exposure, and a high prevalence of severe acute malnutrition.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Renda Soylemez Wiener, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Medicine
The Pulmonary Center
Boston University School of Medicine
Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research
Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Hospital
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Soylemez Wiener: The main finding is that evaluation of pulmonary nodules to determine whether or not they are cancerous is inconsistent with clinical practice guideline recommendations in almost half of cases, suggesting there is room for improvement in clinical care of these patients. Patients with pulmonary nodules are sometimes evaluated more aggressively than they should be (18%), which can cause harms to patients from unnecessary invasive tests (biopsies or surgery) or unneeded radiation exposure from imaging studies. Still more patients (27%) are followed less aggressively than they should be, which in the worst case scenario could lead to delays in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It is particularly important to improve care of these patients now, because new guidelines from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommend CT screening for lung cancer screening, which often finds pulmonary nodules that require evaluation. (more…)
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Cara Tannenbaum, MD, MSc
The Michel Saucier Endowed Chair in Geriatric Pharmacology, Health and Aging,Professor of Medicine and Pharmacy
University of Montreal Centre de Recherche
Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal
Montreal, QC
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Tannenbaum: The EMPOWER study showed that providing older patients with information about the harms of sleeping pill use led to discontinuation or dose reduction in 1-in-every 4 patients with longstanding use of benzodiazepines. Receipt of evidence-based information about drug harms resulted in a 8-fold higher likelihood of benzodiazepine cessation. Many physicians think that patients become too dependent on sedative-hypnotics to successfully discontinue. Regardless of age, sex, and duration of use, 27% of patients aged 65-95 in this study successfully completed the recommended 20-week tapering protocol during a 6-month time period and another 11% were in the process of tapering. EMPOWERing patients with evidence-based information therefore results in appropriate risk reduction.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Julian Benito-Leon
University Hospital “12 de Octubre”,
Madrid, Spain
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?
Dr. Benito-León: It...
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Evan A. Stein, M.D., Ph.D. FRCP(C), FCAP
Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center
Cincinnati, OH 45225,
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Stein:The study which is the first 52 week randomized double blind trial of a PCSK9 to report results (all others have been 12 weeks) demonstrated that the excellent LDL-C reductions of 55-60% seen at 12 weeks are maintained through 52 weeks, with no fall off in patient compliance, tolerability of efficacy. It also demonstrated that with longer treatment no new or unexpected side effects.
The study also had a unique design in that prior to randomization to the PCSK9 inhibitor (evolocumab) or placebo patients had a run in period during which time they were assigned, based on NCEP-ATP III criteria, to appropriated background therapy which ranged from diet only, to atorvastatin 10 mg a day, to atorvatatin 80 mg a day or atorvastatin 80 mg a day plus ezetimibe - reflecting how these patients are treated in practice. Only then if their LDL-C was still above 75 mg/dL were they randomized into the treatment part of the study with the new drug. The study showed that irrespective of background therapy the reduction with evolocumab was consistent.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:M.S. Reimers, MD PhD Student
and
Dr. Jan Liefers MD
Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: Aspirin use was associated with an improved survival, as we have published before when investigating this cohort (Bastiaannet et al, Brit J Cancer 2012/ Reimers et al. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012. In this study we have focused on investigating which patients will benefit from aspirin treatment by investigating some tumor markers, such as PTGS2 expression, HLA class I expression and PIK3CA mutation status. Interestingly, only patients with HLA class I expression on their tumor membrane will benefit from aspirin treatment and have a better outcome. We raise the hypothesize that aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation to circulating tumors cells. By interfering with this process, the metastatic potential of these circulating tumour cells is inhibited, thereby preventing metastasis and colon cancer death.HLA class I expression might be needed for signalling between platelets and circulating tumor cells. If this hypothesis is confirmed by others or in vitro studies, than this might explain the finding that aspirin seems not only beneficial as an adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer patients, but also for patients with other malignancies (oesophagus, breast, etc). Interestingly, preliminary findings from our team investigating aspirin use in oesophageal cancer also showed that aspirin use in these tumors was associated with an improved survival.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Gao-Jun Teng, MD
Chair and Professor, Dept of Radiology
Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University
Nanjing 210009, China
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study? Answer: This current study demonstrates that the aberrant resting-state functional connectivity among default mode network (DMN) regions, especially the posterior cingulated cortex (PCC) to right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), is associated with insulin resistance and cognitive performance, which might be the key to understanding the cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Dr. Prof. Natalia N. Kudryavtseva
Head of Neurogenetics of Social Behavior Sector,
Institute of Cytology and Genetics SD RAS,
Novosibirsk, Russia
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: Hostile environment and social instability stress can have a significant impact on adolescents, causing the development of anxiety and depression.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Michael Laxy
Helmholtz Zentrum München
German Research Center for Environmental Health
Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management
Neuherberg, Germany
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: In patients with type 2 diabetes a high level of self-management behavior was associated with a better glycemic control, i.e. a lower HbA1c level, in the cross-sectional perspective and a reduced mortality over a 12-year period. This effect remained robust after controlling for socio-demographic and disease related factors, including medication.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Dr. Najma Ahmed
Trauma and Acute Care Surgeon, St. Michael's Hospital
Residency Training Director, General Surgery, University of Toronto
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of this study:Dr. Ahmed: The main findings if the study were that the recent reduction of resident duty hours to much less than 80 hours decreases health outcomes in patients, has adverse educational outcomes for residents and does not improve wellness in surgery.
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