MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Flavia Indrio, MD
Department of Pediatrics
Aldo Moro University of Bari
Bari, ItalyMedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer:The main finding is that for the first time the use in prevention instead of treatment with a probiotic for the colic regurgitation and constipation.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Chia-Hung Kao, MD
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan.
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: Colonic diverticular disease and colorectal cancer shared certain characteristics. Some previous studies aimed to identify their epidemiological correlation. However, their results were discrepant and insufficiently strong to draw firm conclusion. In our nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study, we found that the previously diagnosed colonic diverticular disease is not associated with an elevated risk of colorectal cancer after the first year of a diagnosis of colonic diverticular disease (adjusted HR, 0.96). The increased risk in the first year may be due to misclassification and screening effect.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview Invitation withHenry P. Parkman, MD
Professor, Medicine
Director, GI Motility Laboratory
Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Parkman: Gastroparesis remains a challenging syndrome to manage with few effective treatments and a lack of rigorously controlled trials. Tricyclic
antidepressants are often used to treat refractory symptoms of nausea,
vomiting, and abdominal pain. Evidence from well-designed studies for this
is lacking.
However, in this study, among patients with idiopathic gastroparesis, the
use of nortriptyline compared with placebo for 15 weeks did not result in
improvement in overall symptoms. These findings do not support the use of
nortriptyline for idiopathic gastroparesis.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Nita Ahuja, MD
Departments of Surgery and Oncology,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Ahuja: Across the nation, laparoscopic colectomy is performed about as frequently as open colectomy, despite being associated with a lower complication rate and a lower overall hospital cost. On the other hand, an exponentially growing prevalence was found with robotic colectomy, a procedure that has so far demonstrated only equivalent outcomes with laparoscopic colectomy but a higher overall cost.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Harrys A. Torres, MD, FACP
Assistant Professor, Director of Hepatitis C Clinic
Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Torres:The main findings of the study were that patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who were successfully treated with antivirals and attained sustained virologic response (SVR) did not have a relapse of HCV infection after receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy for cancer. Patients in the study received different chemotherapeutic agents, including rituximab and systemic corticosteroids. Durability of SVR was maintained up to 14 years after chemotherapy in cancer patients.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Rachel Patzer, PhD, MPH
Assistant Professor
Emory University School of Medicine
Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Patzer: We found significant racial/ethnic differences in important health outcomes among pediatric and adolescent patients who received a liver transplantation at a large transplant center in the Southeastern U.S., where rates of mortality and graft failure were higher among minorities compared to white patients.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with Marzia Lazzerini, PhD
Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo,”
Trieste, Italy
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: In children and adolescent with Crohn’s disease refractory to first and second line treatment, thalidomide was effective in inducing and maintaining clinical remission. About 60% of children achieved clinical remission, and clinical remission was maintained for a mean time of 180 weeks. The main reason to stop thalidomide was peripheral neuropathy.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Li-Shu Wang, PhD
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee, WisconsinMedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer:Ulcerative colitis (UC) is frequently an intermediate step to colon cancer. The interleukin-10 knock-out (KO) mouse is a genetic model of this progression. We have now shown that KO mice fed 5% black raspberries (BRBs) had significantly less colonic ulceration as compared to KO mice that consumed the control diet. Dysfunction of the Wnt signaling pathway is a key event in UC-associated colon carcinogenesis. We investigated the effects of BRBs on the Wnt pathway and found that the BRB-fed KO mice exhibited significantly decreased promoter methylation of Wnt antagonists and a significantly lower level of β-catenin nuclear translocation. Our results suggest that BRBs inhibit colonic ulceration partly through inhibiting aberrant epigenetic events that dysregulate Wnt signaling.
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MedicalResearh.com Interview with: Gianluca Iacobellis MD PhD
Professor of Clinical Medicine
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?
Dr. Iacobellis: Our study suggests that epicardial fat, the fat pad in direct contiguity to the heart, is a good predictor of liver steatosis in obese subjects
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with Dr. Ketil Stordal
Researcher/consultant paediatrician
National Institute of Public Health
Norway
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Stordal: Mothers who used iron supplementation during pregnancy had an increased risk for having children with a diagnosis of celiac disease. This association was not caused by maternal anemia during pregnancy, anemia was not a predictor of celiac disease in the offspring. The risk for celiac disease when the mother had used the highest doses and for the longest period.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Dr Valerie Sung MBBS(Hons) FRACP MPH NHMRC PhD Candidate
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, and
Community Health Services Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Paediatrician, Centre for Community Child Health
The Royal Children’s Hospital
Parkville | 3052 | Victoria Australia
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Sung: The systematic review identified 12 studies (1825 infants) that investigated the use of probiotics to treat or prevent infant colic (excessive crying of unknown cause in babies less than 3 months old). Three of the 5 treatment trials concluded probiotics effectively treat colic in breastfed babies; one suggested possible effectiveness in formula-fed babies with colic, and one suggested ineffectiveness in breastfed babies with colic. The three effective trials used the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri in breastfed babies only; in two of these trials, the mothers were on a dairy-free diet. Five of the 7 prevention trials suggested probiotics to be ineffective in preventing colic.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Ketil Stordal
Researcher/consultant paediatrician
National Institute of Public Health
Norway
MedicalResearch.com:What are the main findings of the study?Answer: The study identified 324 children with celiac disease from a cohort of 82 000. Start of gluten in the diet later than 6 months was associated with a 27% increased risk of celiac disease compared to those starting during the 5th or 6th month of life. Breastfeeding was not protective; the duration of breastfeeding was slightly longer among children with celiac disease (10.4 vs 9.9 months) and breastfeeding at the time of gluten introduction was not associated with the later risk of celiac disease. The participating mothers had submitted detailed data since pregnancy including infant feeding practices, and these were collected before onset of the disease.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Joel H. Rubenstein, MD, MSc, FACG, FASGE
Research Scientist, Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research
Assistant Professor, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School
VA Medical Center Ann Arbor, MI 48105
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Rubenstein: In a set of case-control studies within the same population, we found that H. pylori was inversely associated with erosive esophagitis, and with Barrett’s esophagus, but we did not find such a relation with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:John P. Cooke MD PhD
Chair, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
Director, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration
Houston Methodist Research Institute
6670 Bertner St MS: R6-414, Houston, TX 77030
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: We discovered that the proton pump inhibitors PPIs), as a class, impair vascular relaxation. The PPIs have this effect by suppressing the activity of a key enzyme required for cardiovascular health. The enzyme is known as DDAH (for dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase). This enzyme is critical in clearing ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) from tissues and the circulation. Because ADMA is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, accumulation of ADMA impairs vascular relaxation and vascular homeostasis. Previously, we and others have found that, by inhibiting endothelium-derived nitric oxide, ADMA accelerates vascular disease in preclinical models. In humans, ADMA is linked to the severity of vascular disease, and is an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Thus, the effect of PPIs to inhibit DDAH would be anticipated to impair cardiovascular health, and to increase the risk of MACE.
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Prof. Steve Allen
Professor of Paediatrics and International Health; RCPCH International Officer and David Baum Fellow
Room 314, The College of Medicine, Swansea University,
Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: Overall, diarrhoea occurred in just over 10% participants and diarrhoea caused by C. difficile in about 1%. These outcomes were equally common in those taking the microbial preparation and those taking placebo.
Other outcomes (e.g. common GI symptoms, length of hospital stay, quality of life) were also much the same in the two groups. So, there was no evidence that the microbial preparation had prevented diarrhoea or had led to any other health benefit.
In agreement with previous research, serious adverse events were also similar in the two groups – so we found no evidence that the microbial preparation caused any harm.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with Frederic D. Bushman, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Microbiology
Department of Microbiology
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
426A Johnson Pavilion 3610 Hamilton Walk
Philadelphia, PA 19104
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Bushman: Viral populations in the human gut are huge, and some of the viruses change rapidly over time.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Keith Summa MD/PhD StudentNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
Disruption of the Circadian Clock in Mice Increases Intestinal Permeability and Promotes Alcohol-Induced Pathology and InflammationMedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: The main findings of the study were that disruption of circadian rhythms, which we achieved using independent genetic and environmental strategies in mice, leads to impaired function of the intestinal epithelial barrier. This loss of epithelial barrier integrity, which has been associated with numerous diseases, results in "gut leakiness," a phenomenon in which endotoxin from gut bacteria can cross the intestinal wall and enter circulation, promoting inflammation. In particular, using in a disease model of gut-derived endotoxemia and inflammation, alcoholic liver disease, we found the circadian disruption interacted with alcohol, leading to increased gut leakiness, inflammation and liver damage.
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