MedicalResearch Interview with: Maurizio Gasparini MD
Humanitas Research Hospital
Rozzano, Italy
Medical Research: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Gasparini: We found that a strategic programming of implantable cardioverter defibrillators which allows the non-sustained arrhythmias to self-terminate is associated with reductions in hospitalizations, length of hospital stay and cost per patient-year and an increase in the time to first hospitalization. These results were mainly driven by reduction in cardiovascular-related events.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Henry M. Spinelli, MD, PC
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
875 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10065
Medical Research: What are the main findings of the study?
Dr. Spinelli: Briefly, we polled approximately 26,000 plastic surgeons by way of membership in the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (ISAPS), American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) and American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) and collated this data and published it in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (the Blue Journal), the official journal of ISAPS. This preliminary study was initiated given the current and past healthcare and cosmetic medical/surgical care climate both in the United States and worldwide. As a background, when it comes to injectables (botox and fillers) there is not a united consensus on a state by state basis in the USA and from country to country worldwide. Additionally, the regulations and laws governing the administration of botox and injectables is in a constant flux. For instance, the UK allowed beauticians in the past to administer these substances however they are now banned from legal administration of these products. Alabama, only allows physicians (dermatologists and plastic surgeons) to purchase and administer botox and injectables whereas the medical board of California states that physicians can perform the procedure or oversee licensed registered nurses, licensed vocational nurses, or physicians assistants. Similarly, dentists in some states are permitted to administer these agents. It would be a bad idea for any physician working with botox to take Advanced Botox Training to reduce the possibility of medical misdemeanors.
At the present time few studies have directly assessed the capability of various providers to administer cosmetic injections. When people schedule a consultation for plastic surgery, they are often looking for things like a younger face or a nicer body. The answer to the previous question will become more important as the demand for these procedures continues to grow and an increasing number of practitioners and different Plastic Surgeon from a variety of backgrounds enter the field to meet demand. This study aimed to help define the role of various practitioners in an increasingly more competitive environment for injectables and to explore the relationship between patient and injectable provider in order to improve patient satisfaction and outcomes.
When asked to rank patients’ perceptions of various providers according to their expertise in administering Botox and dermal fillers, responders ranked plastic surgeons and dermatologists as most capable (96%) then nurses in plastic surgery and dermatology (3%). Gynecologists (<1%), dentists (<1%) and nurses in other fields (<1%) all received nearly equivalent numbers of “most capable” rankings. When asked to rank patients’ perception of various providers according to their inability to administer Botox and dermal fillers, nurses in other fields were most frequently ranks as least capable (63%) followed by dentists (26%), gynecologists (12%), plastic surgeons and dermatologists (2%) and nurses in plastic surgery and dermatology (1%).
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Rainbo Hultman, PhD
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Laboratory for Psychiatric Neuroengineering, Principal Investigator
Affective Cognitive and Addiction Disorders (ACAD) Research Group
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Center for Neuroengineering Duke University Medical Center
Durham, NC 27710
Medical Research: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Hultman: Using a mouse model of stress-induced psychiatric dysfunction, we found that the brainwave patterns in two key brain regions (prefrontal cortex, PFC and amygdala, AMY) encode for susceptibility to such dysfunction. Furthermore, such susceptibility can be predicted from the brainwave patterns in these regions before the onset of stress.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Allison Lipitz-Snyderman, PhD
Assistant Attending Outcomes Research Scientist
Center for Health Policy and Outcomes
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY 10065
Medical Research: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Lipitz-Snyderman:Long-term central venous catheters are used to administer intravenous fluids and treatments such as chemotherapy. These catheters can also be a source of bloodstream infections which can be harmful to cancer patients. However, this risk is not well understood. In our study, we found that the use of these catheters was associated with an increased risk of infections for patients with cancer. We used a population-based dataset, SEER-Medicare, to study this issue in older adult cancer patients. This dataset allowed us to study patients treated in different institutions and follow them over time.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with
Dr Lim Weng Khong
Research Fellow, National Cancer Centre Singapore.
Medical Research: What are the main findings of the study?
Dr...
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Jeff Trost, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Johns Hopkins Medicine
Medical Research: What are the main findings of the study?
Dr. Trost: In our study, we reported the use of two relatively simple tactics to significantly reduce the number of unnecessary blood tests to assess symptoms of heart attack and chest pain and to achieve a large decrease in patient charges.
Specifically, we
1) Provided information and education to physicians about proven testing guidelines and
2) Made changes to the computerized provider order entry system at the medical center, part of the Johns Hopkins Health System. The guidelines call for more limited use of blood tests for so-called cardiac biomarkers. A year after implementation, our intervention led to an estimated $1.25 million reduction in laboratory charges.
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Ms Qi Wu:
Mental Health and Addiction Research Group, Department of Health Sciences
University of York, Heslington
York UK
Medical Research: What are the main findings of the study?Ms Qi Wu: At any time in the UK about one in six adults has a mental health problem, the prevalence of smoking in this group is over 33%, which is around 50% higher than in the general population. It is estimated that 3 million adults with mental disorders were smokers in 2009-10. Meanwhile, people with mental health disorders are also more likely to smoke heavily, this group accounts for as much as 42% of the total national tobacco consumption. In this study, we calculated the avoidable economic burden of smoking in people with mental disorders.
The main finding was that people with mental disorders who smoke cost the UK economy £2.34 billion a year. The total costs are more or less equally divided among losses sustained from premature death, lost productivity, and healthcare costs to treat smoking related diseases such as lung cancer, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in this group. An estimated £719 million (31% of the total cost) was spent on treating diseases caused by smoking. Productivity losses due to smoking-related diseases were about £823 million (35%) for work- related absenteeism and £797 million (34%) was associated with premature mortality.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Cindy Feltner, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor, Division of General Medicine
University of North Carolina--Chapel Hill
RTI- UNC Evidence-based Practice Center
MedicalResearch: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Feltner:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy, comparative effectiveness, and harms of transitional care interventions to reduce readmission and mortality rates for adults hospitalized with heart failure. We included a broad range of intervention types applicable to adults transitioning from hospital to home that aimed to prevent readmissions. Although 30-day readmissions are the focus of quality measures, we also included readmissions measured over 3 to 6 months because these are common, costly, and potentially preventable. Forty-seven trials were included, most enrolled adults with moderate to severe heart failure and a mean age of 70 years. We found that interventions providing multiple home visits soon after hospital discharge can reduce 30-day readmission rates. Both home-visiting programs and multidisciplinary heart failure clinics visits can improve mortality and reduce all-cause readmission in the six months after hospitalization. Telephone support interventions do not appear to reduce all-cause readmission, but can improve survival and reduce readmission related to heart failure. Programs focused on telemonitoring or providing education only did not appear to reduce readmission or improve survival.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Dr David A Hanauer MD MS
Department of Pediatrics
University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, MI
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the studyDr. Hanauer: The main findings of our study were that:
(1) Awareness and usage of rating sites for physicians appears to be growing,
(2) The public is using these sites to make decisions about selecting (or avoiding) a physician, and
(3) The percentage of people leaving ratings is still low (about 5%) suggesting that the results may not be representative of the majority of patient experiences.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Mark A D’Andrea, MD, FACRO
University Cancer and Diagnostic Centers
Houston, Texas
MedicalResearch: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. D’Andrea: Crude oil spills affect the human health through their exposure to the inherent hazardous chemicals such as para-phenols and volatile benzene.
Human exposure to crude oil spills is associated with multiple adverse health effects including hematopoietic, hepatic, renal, and pulmonary abnormalities. In this study, we assessed the hematological and liver function indices among the subjects participated in the Gulf oil spill clean-up operations along the coast of Louisiana. The findings were compared with the standardized normal range reference values. We found that over 77% of subjects had WBC counts in the mid range (6 - 10X 103 per mL) while none of the subjects had upper limit of the normal range (11 X 103 per mL). Similar pattern was seen in the platelet counts and BUN levels among the oil spill exposed subjects. Conversely, over 70% of the subjects had creatinine levels toward upper limit of the normal and 23% of subjects had creatinine levels above the upper limit of the normal range (> 1.3 mg per dL). Similarly, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were toward the upper limit of the normal in more than two-third of the subjects. Aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase levels above the upper limit of normal range (> 40 IU per L) were seen in 15% and 31% of subjects, respectively. Over 80% of subjects had urinary phenol levels more than detectable levels (2 mg per L).
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Alai Tan, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Institute for Translational Science
Dept. of Preventive Medicine & Community Health
University of Texas Medical Branch
MedicalResearch: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Tan: We found that substantial proportions of women with limited life expectancy receive screening mammography. The screening rates were higher among women who saw more than one generalist physician and who had more visits to generalist physicians. The screening rates were higher among U.S. hospital referral regions with more primary care physicians, mammography facilities and radiologists.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview Professor Kim Bennell
ARC Future Fellow
Department of Physiotherapy
University of Melbourne
Parkville, Vic 3010 Australia
MedicalResearch: What are the main findings of the study?Professor Bennell: In 102 people with painful hip osteoarthritis, we compared a 'real' physical therapy program involving exercise, manual therapy techniques,education and provision of a cane if appropriate to a sham physical therapy treatment that was made to look as though it was real but instead involved turned off ultrasound and gentle application of a hand crème to the hip region. Participants in both groups went to see a physical therapist on 10 occasions over 12 weeks and performed home exercises if in the 'real' physical therapy group or lightly applied the cream at home if in the sham group. Participants were followed for 9 months in total. We found that while both groups showed improvements in pain and physical function, the improvements were similar between the two groups. That is, the real physical therapy program did not show greater benefits over a sham treatment. (more…)
MedicalResearch.com Interview with
Timothy Fernandes, M.D., M.P.H.
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, CA
MedicalResearch: What are the main findings of this study?
Dr. Fernandes: The fibrinopeptides are cleaved off of fibrinogen by thrombin during the generation of a new clot. These small molecules are excreted into the urine and we have developed a urine assay to measure the level of FPB. We examined the performance of urine FPB as a screening test for acute pulmonary embolism, blood clots that travel to the lungs.
The study group consisted of 344 patients: 61 (18%) with pulmonary embolism and 283 (83%) without. At a threshold of 2.5 ng/ml, urine FPB demonstrated sensitivity of 75.4% (95% CI: 62.4-85.2%), specificity of 28.9% (95% CI: 23.8-34.7%), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.18 (0.11-0.29), weighted by prevalence in the sample population. However, the thresholds of 5 ng/ml and 7.5 ng/ml had sensitivities of only 55.7% (95% CI: 42.5-68.2%), and 42.6% (30.3-55.9%), respectively.
The urine fibrinopeptide B assay at a cut-off of 2.5 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 75.4% for detecting pulmonary embolism. For diagnosis of PE, this sensitivity is comparable to previously published values for the first generation plasma latex and whole blood D-dimer assays (not as well and the D dimer ELISA assay).
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with Dr. Michael Johansen, MD, MS
Department of Family Medicine
The Ohio State University
Columbus, OH 43201
MedicalResearch: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Johansen: We found a surprisingly low number of people with coronary artery disease and diabetes (over age 40) were not reporting statin use. Of the people with coronary artery disease only 58% reported statin use while 52% of people with diabetes reported use. In addition, a reported diagnosis of hyperlipidemia was strongly correlated with statin use. In fact, individuals with hyperlipidemia and no coronary artery disease were more apt to be on a statin than people with coronary artery disease and no hyperlipidemia. Other high-risk conditions that have recently been included in the ACC/AHA high risk category were weakly or not associated with statin use including stroke and peripheral arterial disease.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Dr. Adriaan J van der Meer
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Erasmus MC, University Medical Center
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
MedicalResearch: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. J van der Meer: The main finding of our study is that the prognosis of patients with compensated HCV-induced advanced liver disease can be adequately assessed by risk scores which merely include objective variables that are readily available in daily practice. Our analyses resulted in two separate prognostic scores by which the individual patient's risk of mortality or clinical disease progression (defined as occurence of Hepatitis C Cirrhosis (HCC), liver failure, liver transplantation or death) can be assessed.
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MedicalResearch.com: Egle Avizienyte, PhD
Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Cancer Sciences
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences
The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Avizienyte:Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, has been validated as a target in ovarian cancer. However, the benefit from anti-angiogenic therapies, e.g. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) pathway inhibitors that are currently used in the clinic for the treatment of ovarian cancer has been modest, largely because of redundancy in angiogenic cytokines that regulate tumour angiogenesis.
In this study we validated heparan sulphate 6-O-sulfotranferases 1 and 2 (HS6ST-1 and -2) as targets for developing new therapeutic anti-angiogenic agents for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The data generated in our laboratory show that HS6STs induce the angiogenic programme in ovarian cancer cells and has a major effect on tumour angiogenesis.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with Stephen M. Amrock, SM
Department of Pediatrics
New York University School of Medicine
New York, NY 10016
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: We analyzed data from a nationally representative survey on youth risk behaviors. After adjusting for other risk taking behaviors, we found that high school adolescents who indoor tan were much more likely to also engage in behaviors typically associated with eating disorders. We also noted that the link between indoor tanning and such harmful weight control behaviors was even stronger among males than females.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Prof Guangwei Li MD
Department of Endocrinology
China-Japan Friendship Hospital
Center of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease, National Center of Cardiology & Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: Our study first shows that a six-year period of lifestyle intervention in Chinese people with IGT reduced the incidence of diabetes over a protracted time period and was ultimately associated with a significant reduction in total and cardio-vascular disease mortality. This reduction in mortality appears to be mediated in part by the delay in onset of diabetes resulting from the lifestyle interventions.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Shanthi Srinivasan, M.D. Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Digestive Diseases Department of Medicine
Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Srinivasan:The main findings of this study are that the neurotrophic factor GDNF is was able to protect against the weight gain induced by mice on a high fat diet. The mice that had overexpression of GDNF showed less weight gain while eating the same high fat diet as the control mice. GDNF seems to have effects on the genes regulating fat metabolism and energy expenditure and this could be the mechanism of prevention of weight gain.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with James D. Sargent, MD, Professor of Pediatrics
Professor of Community and Family Medicine
Professor of The Dartmouth Institute
Co-Director, Cancer Control Research Program
Norris Cotton Cancer Center Norris Cotton Cancer Center,
Department of Pediatrics
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
Lebanon, New Hampshire
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Sargent: We showed children aged 3-7 years depictions of healthy foods in McDonald’s and Burger King television advertisements that aired in 2010-11. Children were asked what they saw in the images and not prompted to respond specifically to any aspect of the images. All images contained the two healthy foods—apples and milk—the companies purported to be advertising through the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative. Only 52% and 70% of children correctly identified McDonald’s and Burger King images of milk. Whereas 80% correctly identified McDonald’s image of apples, only 10% identified the Burger King apples as apples. Instead, 81% mistook them as french fries.
Please see the video of children responding to the BK apples depiction at
http://cancer.dartmouth.edu/about_us/newsdetail/66129/(more…)
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Chung-Jung Chiu DDS PhD
Scientist II, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
Assistant Professor, School of Medicine
Tufts University Boston MA 02111
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: In this study, we found that advanced age-related macular
degeneration (AMD) is predictable by using clinically readily available
information. We devised a simple algorithm to summarize the clinical
predictors and showed the validity of our prediction model in both
clinic-based and community-based cohorts. We also develop an
application (App) for the iPhone and iPad as a practical tool for our
prediction model.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Dr Tobias Teichert
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA 15261
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Teichert: "Our study provided three main findings:First, we measured how long it takes subjects to allocate attention to a relevant target and how effectively they can block out the distractors. We found that after 120 msec selective attention is fully engaged and completely blocks out the distractor. Based on this finding, we predicted that subjects should be able to improve decision accuracy by delaying decision onset, and that this should be more effective than simply prolonging the whole decision process.
Most importantly, we found that subjects indeed use this more effective way of improving decision onset: On average, subjects delayed decision onset by about 50 msec when we asked them be as accurate as possible. The good news is that people seem to use this more optimal mechanism automatically, without being told to do so and without being aware of what they do. The bad news is that we don’t seem to be using this skill quite as effectively as we could. In our case, subjects could have improved accuracy even further by delaying decision onset by an additional 50 ms. However, taken together, our findings show that decision onset is to some degree under cognitive control, and that we might be able to devise training strategies to harness its full potential”
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Karen Yeung
Professor of Law
Centre for Technology, Ethics Law & Society
King's College London
London WC2R 2LS
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Professor Yeung: This study found a gap in existing legal regulation of healthcare quality in the UK. While patients receiving treatment under mental health legislation are protected by the criminal law against wilful neglect or ill treatment, other patients are not subject to the same level of protection, although many such patients are just as vulnerable as those who are mentally incapacitated. Hence we argue that a new criminal offence of 'wilful neglect or ill treatment' of patients in the healthcare sector is needed.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Eiji Ishimura, MD, PhD, FASN, FACP
Osaka City University Hospital
Professor,Department of Nephrology
Osaka, JAPAN
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Ishimura: Poor glycemic control is a major factor in the overestimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in diabetic patients. We found this simple conclusion by directly measuring GFR by use of inulin clearance. We have created new formulae to accurately assess the GFR in diabetic patients, with the correction of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) or glycated albumin (GA) as followings;
1) eGFRcr corrected by HbA1c=eGFRcr / (0.428 + 0.085 × HbA1c)
2) eGFRcr corrected by GA=eGFRcr / (0.525 + 0.028 × GA)
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Dr. David Hanauer, MD
Associate Professor, University of Michigan Medical School
1500 East Medical Center Drive
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5940
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the studyDr. Hanauer: From my perspective, the primary findings were that 65% of the general public is now aware of physician rating web sites and among those who are aware, about 36% had used them in the prior year. Awareness and usage seems to be rapidly increasing compared to what has been reported in prior studies from just a few years ago. We also found that patients consider word of mouth recommendations (from family/friends) to be almost twice as important as ratings sites are.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Caroline A. Kim, MD, MS;
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, MA 02215.
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Kim:We conducted a systematic review of 62 studies that examined functional status and quality of life in patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (AVR) for their symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis. In 11,205 patients who underwent TAVR, a clinically meaningful improvement was seen in physical functional measures and disease-specific quality of life measures, whereas improvement in psychological measures or more general health measures were modest and inconsistent. Given the dismal prognosis of severe aortic stenosis treated conservatively, it was clear that transcatheter AVR improved functional status and quality of life. However, there was insufficient evidence that compares these patient-centered outcomes between transcatheter AVR and surgical AVR.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Simon D. Brandt, PhD
Reader in Bioactive Drug Chemistry
School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences
Liverpool John Moores University
Associate Editor "Drug Testing and Analysis" (Wiley)
Author's background comment:
This type of work represents one of our areas of activity related to multi-disciplinary approaches to harm reduction which combines public health work with research on various properties of bioactive substances.
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: As part of our work related to so-called lifestyle and image-enhancing drugs and legal highs/bath salts, we became interested in a particular "food/dietary supplement" called "Esto Suppress" because it was discussed on some Internet forums dedicated to the topic of bodybuilding. Some forum members were speculating that might be present in this particular product. The reason for this speculation came from the chemical name that was written on the label which pointed in that direction. This particular product was also widely available from a number of online retailers and while some indications existed that the same chemical name was mentioned, others were seen to list a modified version of that name which did not always make much chemical sense. We test purchased four "Esto Suppress" samples in a local fitness store and confirmed that three of them contained the breast cancer drug tamoxifen.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Dr. Scott L. Zuckerman, MD
Department of Neurological Surgery
Vanderbilt Sports Concussion Center
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Zuckerman: Our study evaluated 244 athletes who suffered sports-related concussion (SRC), 122 males and 122 females, and assessed for gender differences in number, severity, and resolution of post-concussive symptoms using reliable change index (RCI) methodology applied to days to return to symptom baseline. Both groups were matched on number of prior concussions, age, and days to first post-concussion assessment, which consisted of the 22 symptom Post Concussion Symptom Checklist from the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) evaluation tool.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Jenifer I Fenton
Assistant Professor
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
Michigan State University
East Lansing, MI 48824
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Dr. Fenton:This was a cross-sectional study, and thus, a snapshot in time. Although it cannot infer cause or temporality of obesity and colon polyp risk in men, it does show that obese men were more likely to have a polyp than their lean counterpart. In addition, there were serum biomarkers also associated with this risk. This could eventually lead to future blood tests to identify individuals at greater risk for polyps and inform screening recommendations.
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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Prof. Kathryn M Abel
Professor of Psychiatry & Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist
University of Manchester and Honorary Senior Lecturer at the Institute of Psychiatry, London.
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the study?Answer: The main study findings were that exposure of a mother to a severe psychological stress of losing a close family member up to either 6 months before conception or at any time during pregnancy did not increase risk of subsequent psychotic illness in the offspring. Secondly, we found during childhood, if a close family member died then, especially a sibling of the child or one of their parents, these children were at slightly increased risk of developing a psychotic illness later in life. This was most likely to happen following a sudden death especially suicide and in particular following suicide a psychotic mood disorder was more likely than other kinds of psychosis such as schizophrenia (although the risk of schizophrenia was also increased following suicide). This effect was not accounted for by having a family history of a psychotic illness or suicide.
(more…)
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