Allergies, Asthma, Author Interviews, Microbiome / 14.08.2015
Abnormal Lung Microbiome Linked To Severe Asthma
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Yvonne J. Huang, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5642
Medical Research: What is the background for this study?
Dr. Huang: Asthma is a disease with many different clinical manifestations, and it is likely that multiple mechanisms play a role in asthma. Understanding the biological processes that contribute to this heterogeneity is an important goal of current translational research in asthma. One hypothesis that dates back several decades is whether asthma, at least in some forms, is linked to chronic airway infection or colonization by particular species of bacteria. Results of early investigations in this regard were mixed, in part due to reliance on less sensitive methods to detect bacterial infection, but a new spin on this hypothesis has emerged in recent years. This stems from the technological advances that now enable one to molecularly profile all bacteria present in a sample, such as via sequence analysis of conserved bacterial genes (such as that for 16S ribosomal RNA). 16S rRNA-based methods are now commonly used to profile bacterial microbiota in a variety of human niches, including in studies of respiratory disease.
Prior to our current study, a few investigations had shown that the lower respiratory microbiome in adult asthmatics differs in bacterial composition (i.e. the types and relative abundance of bacteria present), compared to healthy controls. In a previous study of patients with mild-moderate asthma, we also had found that clinical features of asthma, such as bronchial hyper-responsiveness, were associated with increased abundance of specific bacterial groups. However, whether similar relationships between clinical features and the microbiome exist in severe asthma was unknown, which we addressed in the current study.
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