Accidents & Violence

Summer encourages people to spend more time outdoors, whether they are hiking, cycling, playing sports, or working on home improvement projects. While these activities offer many physical and mental health benefits, they also increase the risk of unexpected injuries that require prompt attention. If an accident involves significant pain, swelling, limited movement, or a possible fracture, visiting orthopedic urgent care in Centerville, OH can help you access specialized evaluation and treatment for bone, joint, and muscle injuries without unnecessary delays, making it an important resource for injury-related care.

[caption id="attachment_75485" align="aligncenter" width="500"]https://unsplash.com/photos/seashore-during-golden-hour-KMn4VEeEPR8 Unsplash[/caption]

With industry projections estimating that roughly 1.5 million total hip and knee replacement surgeries will be performed in the United States in 2025 alone, orthopedic rehabilitation has never been more relevant. A significant driver of this massive volume is the ongoing shift toward performing these procedures in outpatient ambulatory surgery centers. While this allows patients to recover in the comfort of their own homes, it also places a much greater emphasis on independent safety during the critical first few weeks of healing. Proper education and preparation are absolutely vital for ensuring a smooth transition from the operating room to the living room.

[caption id="attachment_75468" align="aligncenter" width="320"]Fall Prevention After Joint Replacement Surgery Photo by Iryna Varanovich[/caption]

All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) offer recreation, utility, and outdoor adventure, but they also carry a significant risk of serious injury. Emergency departments across the United States treat thousands of ATV-related injuries each year, many involving traumatic brain injuries, spinal damage, broken bones, and other life-changing conditions. Recovery often requires extensive medical care, rehabilitation, and significant financial resources.

For people dealing with these injuries, understanding both the medical and legal aspects of recovery is important. Speaking with an attorney who handles ATV accident cases can help injured riders understand their rights while allowing them to focus on treatment and rehabilitation. Early legal guidance can also help preserve important evidence before it is lost. For a detailed overview of how traumatic brain injuries sustained in crashes affect long-term mental health, cognition, and daily function, see this overview of the long-term effects of brain injuries on mental health.

[caption id="attachment_75420" align="aligncenter" width="500"]atv-accidents-lawyers-pexel Pexels[/caption]

Responsibility does not always arrive with one name attached. Some fatal accidents grow from a chain of poor choices, missed warnings, and separate failures that slowly connect into one devastating result. In many wrongful death cases, more than one person, business, or organization may have played a role in the events leading to the death.

Determining responsibility can require a careful review of what happened, who had certain duties, what warnings were available, and whether any failures contributed to the fatal incident. Because these cases can involve multiple factors and parties, understanding how responsibility is divided may be an important part of evaluating a wrongful death claim.

For this reason, wrongful death cases in Houston can become far more complex than families first expect. Many people speak with a Houston wrongful death lawyer after learning that several parties may have contributed to the same loss. For a foundational overview of the four legal elements every wrongful death claim must establish, see this guide to the four elements of a malpractice and wrongful death case.

wrongful-death-texas (1)

Trucks are no longer used only for heavy-duty work. Today, many owners rely on their trucks for daily commuting, weekend adventures, family trips, and long hours on the road. Since drivers spend so much time inside their vehicles, safety and comfort have become just as important as performance and capability. The right upgrades can transform a standard truck cabin into a safer, more organized, and more comfortable space.

From improving seating support to reducing distractions and blind spots, these enhancements help create a driving experience that protects both your vehicle's interior and the people inside it. The health implications of long hours behind the wheel are real — as explored in this overview of commercial driver health and what long hours on the road mean for well-being. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, driver fatigue and distraction remain among the leading contributors to motor vehicle crashes — making interior comfort and ergonomics genuine safety issues.

Here are nine must-have upgrades that can make your truck safer and more comfortable for everyday driving.

[caption id="attachment_75359" align="aligncenter" width="500"]upgrades-safe-truck-driving-pexels.jpg Pexels image[/caption]

An accident with a commercial truck can leave victims facing devastating injuries and fearing a long road to recovery, often with many different questions running through their heads. Unlike a typical car crash, these cases may involve trucking companies, maintenance providers, insurers, and complex federal safety regulations.

In North Carolina, strict fault rules and the fast-moving nature of trucking evidence make prompt action especially important. Many people consult a North Carolina commercial truck accident attorney early to understand how a strong claim is built and what evidence should be preserved from the start. Knowing how attorneys investigate and prepare these cases can help injured victims protect their rights and pursue compensation with greater confidence. For context on the long-term medical picture these cases often involve, see this overview of the long-term physical and financial effects of serious crash injuries.

[caption id="attachment_75269" align="aligncenter" width="500"]commercial-truck-accidents-pexels.jpg Pexels[/caption]

An injury almost never stays in its own lane. A wreck on the highway, a bad fall on the job: either one can rearrange a whole household in an afternoon. Budgets shift, routines break, and plans that felt solid a week ago suddenly need rethinking. What follows is a look at how community-centered advocacy, along with steady guidance from professionals like Brown & Crouppen personal injury attorneys, can help a family steady itself and start rebuilding — all without going through it alone.

For a closer look at what serious injuries mean medically and legally — including traumatic brain injury, spinal cord damage, and long-term disability — see this overview of how a lawyer can help after a catastrophic injury.

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MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

[caption id="attachment_75222" align="alignleft" width="200"]Dr. Don Kikkawa Dr. Don Kikkawa[/caption]

Don Kikkawa, MD Distinguished Professor, UC San Diego Viterby Family Department of Ophthalmology Chief, Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Vice-Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology UCSD

 

[caption id="attachment_75223" align="alignleft" width="125"]dr_leo-miller-md Dr. Leo Miller[/caption]

Leo Meller, MD

UC San Diego School of Medicine, Class of 2026

   

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Dr. Kikkawa and Dr. Meller: Hockey can put players at risk for eye injuries because of high-speed pucks, sticks, and close-contact play. While many sports-related eye injuries are preventable, there has been limited national data on the frequency and severity of hockey-related eye injuries across different types of hockey. Our research used 20 years of U.S. emergency department data to better understand these injuries. Similar work examining recreational sport eye injury trends — including our related research covered previously on MedicalResearch.com on serious and preventable eye injuries treated in emergency settings — underscores why population-level surveillance data matters for guiding prevention efforts.

[caption id="attachment_75224" align="aligncenter" width="500"]ice-hockey-ocular-injuries-pexels.jpg Photo by Luke Miller[/caption]

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Jay Doucet, MD

Chief, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery

Medical Director, Surgical Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Preparedness and Response

UC San Diego Health

[caption id="attachment_75129" align="alignleft" width="150"] Dr. Jay Doucet[/caption]

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

Dr. Doucet: E-bikes have surged in popularity in recent years because they allow riders to travel farther and faster with less physical effort than traditional bicycles. While this growth has expanded transportation options for many people, researchers say it has also introduced new safety challenges. E-bikes are generally heavier and capable of higher speeds than conventional bicycles, factors that may contribute to more serious injuries when collisions occur. This study adds to a growing body of evidence explored previously on MedicalResearch.com in a related interview on how electric bikes are linked to a dramatic increase in injuries and hospitalizations.

[caption id="attachment_75130" align="aligncenter" width="500"]ebike accidents Pexels[/caption]

A car accident can cause disabilities that last for months, years, or a lifetime, depending on the severity of the injury and how the body responds to treatment. Common long-term outcomes include brain injuries, spinal cord damage, chronic pain, and limb loss.

Recognizing the signs of car accident disability early can help a person get the right treatment before symptoms become permanent and harder to manage. Some injuries look mild at first but develop into lasting impairments weeks or months later. This guide covers the injuries most likely to cause lasting disability, from mobility loss to cognitive and emotional changes.

[caption id="attachment_75095" align="aligncenter" width="500"]disabilities_that_may_follow_a_car_accident Source[/caption]

A fractured sternum is a serious injury that can occur after a car accident, particularly when the chest strikes a seat belt or steering wheel during the collision. Recognizing the symptoms early and seeking prompt medical attention can help prevent complications and support a smoother recovery.

The force generated in a car crash can cause injuries that are not immediately obvious. While cuts and bruises may be visible, injuries to the chest often develop symptoms over the following hours or days. Knowing the symptoms of a fractured sternum can help you recognize when medical evaluation is necessary and reduce the risk of untreated complications. Research published in peer-reviewed literature confirms that traumatic sternal fractures occur in up to 8% of blunt chest trauma cases, with motor vehicle collisions accounting for the majority. For more on the causes, symptoms, and compensation considerations, see this overview of fractured sternum: causes, symptoms, and compensation.

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Motorcycle crash injuries in Jacksonville can have lasting effects that reach far beyond the first hospital visit. They may lead to chronic pain, reduced mobility, emotional stress, and ongoing medical care, making recovery a long-term challenge for many riders.

Because of how busy the highways, bridges, and riding conditions are in Jacksonville all year round, motorcycles share the road with heavy traffic. Riders are often injured in a few seconds of a serious crash, and that injury could take months or even years to treat. By recognizing the common injuries, it's possible to better understand why some individuals suffer physical and financial problems long after the accident, even if there appear to be no visible injuries. For a closer look at what brain injuries from motorcycle accidents involve medically, see this overview of understanding the symptoms of brain injuries after a motorcycle accident.

[caption id="attachment_75087" align="aligncenter" width="500"]long-term_effects_of_motorcycle_crash_injuries_ Image Source : unsplash[/caption]

Ever wondered why two people with seemingly similar back injuries can end up with completely different settlement outcomes? The answer almost always comes down to documentation, not the injury itself.

Back injuries can be especially challenging to prove because pain, reduced mobility, and other symptoms aren't always obvious. Without clear medical evidence, insurance companies may question the severity of the injury or whether it was actually caused by the accident. A back injury lawyer uses medical records to establish a clear link between the accident and the injury, show how that injury affects daily life, and build the evidence needed to pursue fair compensation. Understanding how that process works helps explain why strong medical documentation is often the foundation of a successful claim.

[caption id="attachment_75050" align="aligncenter" width="267"]back injury lawyer Pexels image[/caption]

A catastrophic injury changes every part of a person's life in an instant. The physical impact can be severe and the emotional strain can last for years. Many people face long recovery periods and sudden challenges they never expected. Medical needs can grow quickly and put a lot of pressure on families. During this time, support from the attorneys at Ellis Law Corporation can help people take steady steps toward getting their lives back on track. With steady help the path forward can feel more secure and easier to navigate.

For context on how medical complexity and delayed recovery timelines affect legal claims involving serious injuries, see this overview of handling a serious spine or neurological case without getting steamrolled.

[caption id="attachment_75025" align="aligncenter" width="500"]lawyer-after-catatrophic-injury-pexels Photo by RDNE Stock project[/caption]

Truck accidents are among the most devastating crashes on American roads. When a commercial vehicle weighing up to 80,000 pounds collides with a passenger car, the results are often catastrophic. The sheer size and weight disparity means that occupants of smaller vehicles face dramatically higher risks of severe injury or death.

If you or a loved one has been involved in such an accident in North Carolina, understanding both the medical and legal dimensions of your situation is essential. Working with an experienced North Carolina commercial truck accident attorney can make a significant difference in protecting your rights and securing appropriate compensation for your losses.

[caption id="attachment_74981" align="aligncenter" width="500"]commercial-truck-accidents-nc-lawyers Photo by Bijen Amatya[/caption]

[caption id="attachment_74204" align="aligncenter" width="500"]car-accident-injury-claims-discussed.png Unsplash[/caption] Just been in a car accident? You're likely stressed, sore, and looking at bills from doctors you never chose. The insurance company is already calling you. And no one is explaining to you what you can actually do. Here's the truth: Nine times out of ten, folks settle their car accident injury claim for much, much less than they're entitled to. It's not because the law is out to get them... It's because they don't know their rights. This guide breaks it down in plain English. Here's what's covered: What Counts As A Car Accident Injury Claim? Your Legal Rights After A Crash How Car Accident Compensation Actually Works Steps To Take Right After An Accident When To Bring In A Lawyer

emergency-dental-care-traumatic-injuries.jpg A sudden hit to the mouth can change an ordinary day in seconds. Sports accidents, falls, car crashes, or hard impacts can damage teeth and cause pain right away. In these moments, fast dental care becomes very important. Traumatic tooth injuries can range from small chips to serious damage involving the roots and gums. Some people may experience bleeding, swelling, or difficulty speaking and eating after the injury. Quick treatment often helps reduce pain and prevent long-term problems. Emergency dental care is designed to help patients during these stressful situations. Dentists work quickly to protect damaged teeth, control discomfort, and restore oral health whenever possible. Read more to learn how emergency dental care can help after serious tooth injuries.

[caption id="attachment_73205" align="aligncenter" width="267"]spinal-cord-injury-free-pexels-image.jpg Photo by SHVETS production[/caption] Spinal cord injury cases are unique in personal injury law because the damages are not primarily about what happened in the past but about what the rest of the injured person's life will require. The medical bills from the acute hospitalisation, the rehabilitation facility stay, and the first year of outpatient therapy are significant — but they are typically the smallest component of the lifetime damages picture for a seriously injured SCI survivor. The largest components are the future ones: the attendant care that becomes more intensive as the survivor ages and as family caregivers are no longer able to provide the physical support the injury requires; the medical monitoring and treatment for the secondary complications that SCI consistently produces over decades; and the adaptive equipment and home modification costs that must be updated as technology changes and as the survivor's functional needs evolve. Getting the lifetime cost calculation right is the most financially consequential legal work in an SCI case — and it requires a specific team of experts that most personal injury law firms do not maintain.

[caption id="attachment_72585" align="aligncenter" width="500"]Common-Causes-of-Brain-Stem-Injuries. Image Source[/caption] A brainstem injury occurs when the lower part of the brain is damaged. This area controls breathing, heart rate, and consciousness, so even a minor injury can have serious consequences. Because the brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord, it acts as the body’s main communication pathway. When a brain stem injury occurs, basic survival functions may fail. Unlike injuries that only affect memory or speech, damage here can interfere with breathing within minutes. That is why these injuries are considered medical emergencies. Understanding why the brain stem is important for humans and what causes may lead to brain stem injuries is important.

[caption id="attachment_72574" align="aligncenter" width="500"]Neuroinflammation Shapes Cognitive Outcomes Pexels image[/caption] Acute trauma has long been associated with visible physical damage. However, the invisible neurological consequences often shape long-term recovery just as strongly. Cognitive symptoms such as memory lapses, reduced attention span, slower processing speed, and emotional instability emerge after traumatic events. Growing research suggests that neuroinflammation plays a central role in determining the impact on cognitive function. For instance, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be affected by injury-induced inflammation. Studies have linked BBB disruption to cognitive decline. Some of the most associated factors are inflammation, metabolic imbalance, cellular aging, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and excitotoxicity. Studies also suggest that altering BBB permeability can produce either protective or harmful neurological effects, depending on the context. Understanding how inflammatory pathways respond to trauma offers insight into why some individuals regain their previous level of functioning while others don’t.

The Immediate Immune Response to Trauma

Immune activation is a central factor in traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathophysiology. A balanced immune response supports recovery, while persistent inflammation and immune dysregulation can worsen survival rates and increase disability. After the initial injury, an innate immune response develops. The inflammasome drives programmed cell death and the release of inflammatory mediators that activate microglia and amplify inflammation. This process can expand systemically, contributing to edema and immune cell migration. Trauma does not have to directly involve the brain to trigger these effects. Systemic inflammation resulting from bodily injury can influence neural activity through circulating inflammatory mediators. Such types of injuries can occur in various ways, such as a motorcycle accident. For instance, a motorcyclist was severely injured in a crash with an SUV in Oxnard. The motorcyclist was transported to Ventura County Medical Center. Patients hospitalized after such a serious injury in a motorcycle accident may face brain trauma. According to Wells Law, it is also important to find a lawyer during such incidents. They can help victims calculate damages for medical expenses and obtain compensation for them. This can offer patients peace of mind, which can help with the recovery.

Major accidents often change more than the moment they happen. While emergency treatment focuses on visible injuries, many people discover that the real impact shows up later. Pain that lingers, emotional strain that feels unfamiliar, and daily limitations that were never expected can all surface long after the initial recovery period. These effects are not always obvious at first, and they do not follow a neat timeline. For some, challenges appear within weeks. For others, they develop slowly over months or even years. Understanding why this happens can help people recognize when something feels off and take it seriously. Why long-term effects can appear after recovery The body and brain respond to trauma in complex ways. Even when bones heal or wounds close, underlying damage may remain. Nerve injuries can continue sending pain signals long after tissues appear repaired. Changes in movement patterns, often caused by compensating for an injury, can lead to new strain on muscles and joints. The brain is especially vulnerable after serious accidents. Head injuries do not always cause immediate symptoms, and emotional or cognitive changes can take time to become noticeable. Trouble concentrating, disrupted sleep, irritability, or memory issues may gradually interfere with work, relationships, and daily routines. Emotional health is just as important. Surviving a traumatic event can affect how a person feels safe in the world. Anxiety, mood changes, and stress responses may surface later, sometimes triggered by reminders of the accident or by ongoing physical pain. These reactions are common responses to trauma and deserve attention. In many cases, healthcare providers may also suggest meeting with an attorney to help patients understand their rights and manage the stress of medical and recovery-related concerns.

[caption id="attachment_72512" align="aligncenter" width="500"]spinal-injury-compensation.jpg Freepix[/caption]

First, a reality check

A spinal injury is not like a broken wrist where life goes sideways for a month and then snaps back. This kind of trauma can change everything. Sleep. Work. Mood. Relationships. The ability to sit in a car without wincing. Even simple stuff like putting on socks can turn into a whole event. And here’s the tricky part. The legal process runs on documentation and timelines, while recovery runs on pain, patience, and unpredictable setbacks. Those two worlds do not naturally play nice together. So when people ask, “Should anything be done legally?” the better question is: What needs to be protected while the medical picture is still unfolding? Because that’s where cases are won or quietly lost.

Why spine injuries get disputed so aggressively

Insurance companies push back on spine claims for a few predictable reasons:
  • Symptoms can be invisible on the outside.
  • Imaging can be complicated. A bulge is not always a herniation. Nerve impingement can be subtle. Degeneration can pre-exist.
  • Treatment is expensive and often long-term.
  • Pain and limitations are hard to quantify, and they know it.
So they lean into doubt. “Pre-existing.” “Minor impact.” “Exaggerated.” “Gaps in treatment.” “Noncompliance.” It can feel insulting. It can also be expected. The goal is to build a record that makes doubt look unreasonable.

[caption id="attachment_72162" align="aligncenter" width="500"]reducing-pressure-ulcers-long-term-care.jpg Freepix[/caption] Pressure injuries, also known as bedsores or pressure ulcers, are a serious health concern in long-term care settings, especially among elderly individuals with limited mobility. They result from prolonged pressure on the skin and underlying tissues, typically over bony areas such as the sacrum, hips, and heels. Preventing these injuries is essential to maintaining comfort, mobility, and overall well-being in care environments. Below are practical, evidence-based strategies to help reduce the risk of pressure injuries in long-term care.

Use Appropriate Support Surfaces to Minimise Pressure

The right bedding and cushioning solutions can significantly reduce the risk of skin breakdown. In long-term care settings, standard mattresses are often inadequate for those at high risk. Alternatives such as alternating pressure mattresses, static air overlays, or foam pressure-relief surfaces help distribute weight more evenly and reduce sustained pressure on vulnerable areas. Caregivers and facility managers should regularly assess and upgrade bedding solutions where necessary. A wide range of  pressure care mattress options for pressure injury management are available to support different levels of risk and mobility, from preventative overlays to active therapeutic systems.

[caption id="attachment_71666" align="aligncenter" width="500"]qualify-wage-replacement Freepix[/caption] When a worker gets hurt at work, it can bring worry about taking time to heal and losing pay. Workers’ Compensation systems aim to support individuals who cannot work because of a work injury or illness. Qualification for wage replacement depends on several clear factors set by law. The injury must be related to work and should be reported promptly. Evidence such as medical records and documentation of the work incident helps. Many workers find that understanding wage replacement and medical care under SC workers’ comp helps them as they begin the process. It is helpful to know what rules apply before submitting a claim-to-claim full benefits.

[caption id="attachment_71660" align="aligncenter" width="500"]How Can a Lawyer Help Photo by Pavel Danilyuk[/caption] A catastrophic injury changes every part of a person’s life in an instant. The physical impact can be severe and the emotional strain can last for years. Many people face long recovery periods and sudden challenges they never expected. Medical needs can grow quickly and put a lot of pressure on families. During this time, support from the attorneys at Ellis Law Corporation can help people take steady steps toward getting their lives back on track. With steady help the path forward can feel more secure and easier to navigate. Understanding the Full Impact of a Catastrophic Injury A catastrophic injury can affect mobility thinking or daily routines in a major way. Life may not return to what it once was and new challenges may come into the picture. Many people need long term care and ongoing therapy after such an event. These changes bring emotional and financial stress that can add to an already difficult situation. With so many adjustments happening at once strong support becomes important. A lawyer can help by reviewing what happened and guiding the person through each next step.

catastrophic-injuries A catastrophic injury is a serious injury that changes a person’s life forever. These injuries often cause permanent disabilities, limit a person’s ability to work, and require long-term medical care. They can result from accidents at work, vehicle crashes, or dangerous conditions in public places. In a busy city like Oklahoma City, where major highways like I-35, I-40, and I-44 intersect and industries such as education, healthcare, and retail bring in thousands of workers and visitors every day, the risk of serious accidents is always present. When these accidents lead to catastrophic injuries, victims often face overwhelming medical and financial challenges. An Oklahoma City catastrophic injury lawyer can help victims understand their rights, gather evidence, and seek fair compensation for both current and future needs. Without proper legal help, many people miss out on the resources they need for recovery.

Financial Impact of Traumatic Brain Injuries.jpg When you think of Waco, Texas, maybe the first thing that comes to mind is the strong sense of community or the balance between its small-town vibe and growing city infrastructure. What probably doesn't come to mind right away is how a serious accident, such as a car crash, a fall at work, or even an assault, can drastically change life for someone here. As we know, traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) don't care about zip codes. And in places like Waco, where many people rely on physically demanding jobs or even high-responsibility roles in business and education, the effects of a brain injury can be devastating, not just physically, but financially. This is where legal help becomes essential, and a Waco traumatic brain injury lawyer can be the difference between drowning in costs and finding a way to recover financially.

Medical Records on Your Injury Case When it comes to personal injury matters, medical records are pivotal to a strong case. These records are not just paperwork; they serve as the foundation of your claim by providing an objective and professional account of your injuries, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. Understanding the role of these papers in your claim is crucial for any injury victim seeking to obtain justice.

1.   Establish the Nature and Extent of Injuries

One of the main reasons to keep medical records is to document the injuries you suffered. Whether it's a fracture, a traumatic brain injury, or soft tissue damage, detailed documentation from doctors, hospitals, and specialists outlines the diagnosis. These documents provide professional verification that an injury occurred and indicate the extent of the injury. In a city like Troy, a suburb of Detroit with a population nearing 87,500, residents benefit from a highly educated community—about 64 % hold a bachelor’s degree or higher—strong healthcare infrastructure, and major medical employers. The medical and legal systems may intersect during the claims process, having local representation can make a meaningful difference. This medical record can be used by a seasoned Troy personal injury attorney to create a strong case, especially when it comes to demonstrating the extent of these injuries in your daily lifestyle.

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_69498" align="alignleft" width="200"]Dr. David Chelmow, M.D.Leo J. Dunn professor of obstetrics and Chair of the Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Medicine Richmond, Virginia Dr. Chelmow joined the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force in January 2022 Dr. Chelmow[/caption] Dr. David Chelmow, M.D. Leo J. Dunn professor of obstetrics and Chair of the Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Medicine Richmond, Virginia Dr. Chelmow joined the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force in January 2022 MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: Intimate partner violence, also known as domestic violence, affects millions of people in the United States and can have devastating consequences for one’s health and wellbeing. Clinicians can make a real difference for those affected—evidence shows that there are screening tools that can detect intimate partner violence in women, including those who are pregnant, as well as interventions that work to reduce future violence. As a result, the Task Force recommends that clinicians screen all women of reproductive age, including those who are pregnant and postpartum, for intimate partner violence and refer those who screen positive to ongoing services so they can get the care they need to stay safe. The Task Force also recognizes that caregiver abuse of older and vulnerable adults is an important issue. Unfortunately, right now there is not enough evidence to recommend for or against screening for caregiver abuse and neglect of older and vulnerable adults, so we are calling for more research in these important areas.