Sleep Disorders
09 Sep Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Surgery as an Alternative to CPAP-like Devices
Posted at 13:38h
in Author Interviews, ENT, JAMA, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Sleep Disorders, Surgical Research
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
[caption id="attachment_55334" align="alignleft" width="136"] Prof. MacKay[/caption]
Prof Stuart MacKay BSc (Med) MB BS (Hons) FRACS
Honorary Clinical Professor Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
Clinical Professor at University of Wollongong Graduate School of Medicine
Adjunct Professor Faculty of Health Sciences
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
- Sleep Apnea is common and impairs daytime function and carries health risk.
- Many patients have difficulty with CPAP, the main treatment.
- Surgery offers an alternative, and we tested this at a very high level in this clinical study.
- Surgery creates marked improvement in stoppages (apnea) and droppages (hypopnea) in airflow.
- Surgery significantly improves patient reports of daytime sleepiness.
- Many other outcomes related to quality of life, snoring and general well being improve with surgery.
09 Jul Optimistic People Sleep Better
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_54810" align="alignleft" width="126"]
Jakob Weitzer[/caption]
Jakob Weitzer MSc
Department of Epidemiology
Center for Public Health
Medical University of Vienna
Vienna, Austria
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Chronic insomnia is a highly prevalent, often underdiagnosed and undertreated disease. Previous research has linked dispositional optimism to a better sleep quality and to insomnia symptoms, and showed that optimism can be trained. Since we think that positive psychology plays an important role for our health we wanted to further shed light on this topic.
07 Jul Lack of REM Sleep as a Predictor of Mortality
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_54770" align="alignleft" width="200"] Eileen B. Leary[/caption]
Eileen B. Leary, Ph.D. Student
Epidemiology and Clinical Research
Stanford University
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Would you briefly explain what is meant by REM sleep?
Response: Sleep is a regulated, reversible, and recurring loss of consciousness that is a critical requirement for a happy, healthy life. REM sleep is an important component of sleep defined by rapid eye movements and commonly associated with dreaming.
We learned from previous studies that sleep duration is associated with mortality, however little was known about how the different sleep stages relate to timing or cause of death.
01 Jul Cognitive Decline Linked to ‘Can’t Fall Asleep’ and Waking Up Too Early
Posted at 22:56h
in Author Interviews, Brigham & Women's - Harvard, Cognitive Issues, Sleep Disorders
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
[caption id="attachment_54758" align="alignleft" width="198"]
Dr. Robbins[/caption]
Dr. Rebecca Robbins, PhD MS
Fellow at Brigham & Women's Hospital
and Harvard Medical School
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Sleep difficulties are common among older adults and are associated with cognitive decline. We used data collected over 10 years from a large, nationally representative longitudinal survey of adults over the age of 50 in the U.S. We examined the relationship between specific sleep difficulties and cognitive function over time.
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings?
Response: Our results show that early difficulty falling asleep and early morning awakenings, when experienced "most nights" of the week, were each associated with worse cognitive function. Conversely, reports of waking feeling rested was associated with better cognitive function, over time.
15 Jun Quarantine Reduced ‘Social Jet Lag’ especially for Night Owls
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_54555" align="alignleft" width="200"]
Dr. Blume[/caption]
Dr. Christine Blume PhD
Centre for Chronobiology
Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel
Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences
Basel
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: In modern societies, human rest-activity rhythms and sleep are between the often-conflicting poles of external social time (e.g., work hours and leisure activities) and an individual’s internal biological time. This can lead to so-called “social jetlag”, which has repeatedly been associated with detrimental health effects. With the restrictions to control the pandemic, social timing relaxed as people many started working from home and public life came to a standstill. In an online survey with 435 respondents, we investigated the effects of the phase with the strictest COVID-19 restrictions on the relationship between social and biological rhythms as well as sleep during a six-week period (mid-March until end of April 2020) in three European societies (Austria, Germany, Switzerland).
03 Feb New Sleep Apnea Algorithm Evaluates Quality of Life
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_53009" align="alignleft" width="160"] Dr. Skirko[/caption]
Dr. Jonathan R. Skirko, MD , MHPA, MPH
Assistant professor
Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology
University of Utah Health
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Obstructive sleep apnea is a common problem that that impacts the lives of many people. Understanding treatment effectiveness is important and Health-State Utility is a standardized way of assessing quality of life. Before this study, we didn't have a way of measuring quality of life in this population in this important way.
You have to accurately measure something before you can improve it.
28 Dec Insomnia: Lemborexant With Placebo vs Zolpidem Tartrate Extended Release
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_52595" align="alignleft" width="200"] Dr. Moline[/caption]
Margaret Moline, PhD
Lemborexant International Program Lead and Global Medical Lead
Executive Director, Neurology Business Group
Eisai, Inc.
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
This study, called SUNRISE 1, is one of two pivotal Phase 3 studies in the lemborexant clinical development program that supported the recent FDA approval of DAYVIGO (lemborexant).
- On December 20, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved DAYVIGO (lemborexant) 5 mg and 10 mg, an orexin receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of adult patients with insomnia, which is characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance.1
- DAYVIGO will be commercially available following scheduling by the DEA, which is expected to occur within 90 days.
- SUNRISE 1 was a one-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, multi-center, parallel-group clinical trial in adult female patients age 55 and older and male patients 65 years and older who met DSM-5 criteria for insomnia disorder. Patients were randomized to placebo (n=208), lemborexant 5 mg (n=266) or 10 mg (n=269), or active comparator (n=263) once nightly.1
- The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change in log-transformed latency to persistent sleep (LPS; defined as the number of minutes from lights off to the first 10 consecutive minutes of non-wakefulness) from baseline to end of treatment (Days 29/30), as measured by overnight polysomnography (PSG) monitoring.1
- The pre-specified secondary efficacy endpoints in Study 2 were the mean change from baseline to end of treatment (Days 29/30) in sleep efficiency (SEF) and wake after sleep onset (WASO) measured by PSG.1
- SUNRISE 1, lemborexant 5 mg and 10 mg demonstrated statistically significant superiority on the primary efficacy measure, LPS, compared to placebo. lemborexant 5 mg and 10 mg demonstrated statistically significant improvement in SEF and WASO compared to placebo.1
- The effects of lemborexant at the beginning of treatment were generally consistent with later timepoints.
13 Sep Obstructive Sleep Apnea Common in Patients with Resistant Hypertension
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Mireia Dalmases Cleries, MD Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Lleida, Cataluña, Spain MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Obstructive sleep apnea has been associated with poor blood pressure control and resistant hypertension. Moreover, it has been described that its treatment with continuous positive pressure (CPAP) could be an effective means of controlling blood pressure in this population. Nevertheless, studies assessing OSA prevalence, characteristics and association with blood pressure control in resistant hypertensive patients are limited and that’s the reason why we decided to perform this study.
10 Sep An Occasional Nap May Be Good For Your Heart
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Dr Nadine Häusler Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine University Hospital of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: There are controversial results regarding the effect of napping on cardiovascular disease (CVD) exist i.e. some studies report adverse effects of napping whereas other find beneficial effects of napping on CVD. Most studies compare nappers to non-nappers or study nap duration but neglect to take the frequency of napping into account. Moreover, studies measure naps in a different way, study different populations and include different confounders, which makes it hard to compare the results. Thus, we aimed to study the association between CVD and napping as a more holistic behavior i.e. not just the duration but also the frequency of napping.
23 Aug Female Caregivers of Dementia Patients Suffer from Poor Sleep
Posted at 16:52h
in Alzheimer's - Dementia, Author Interviews, JAMA, Mental Health Research, Sleep Disorders
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Chenlu Gao, MA
Graduate Student
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
Baylor University
Michael Scullin, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
Baylor University
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: According to the World Alzheimer Report, dementia affects 50 million adults worldwide, and this number is expected to approach 131 million by 2050. Dementia patients often require assistance with daily activities from caregivers. The Alzheimer’s Association reported that, in the United States, 16 million caregivers spend on average 21.9 hours per week providing care for patients with dementia.
Being a caregiver is stressful, which not only challenges emotional, cognitive, and physical health, but is also associated with shorter and poorer sleep at night. If a caregiver cannot obtain restorative sleep at night, their quality of life and their abilities to perform the caregiving role can be compromised. For example, sleep loss may jeopardize caregivers’ memory, causing them to forget medications or medical appointments for the patients. Sleep loss can also impair immune functions, causing the caregivers to suffer from illnesses. In the long-term, sleep loss is associated with cortical thinning and accumulation of beta-amyloid and tau, which increase the risks of dementia.
Undoubtedly, there is a need to systematically study whether caregivers sleep less or worse during the night and whether we can improve their sleep quality through low-cost behavioral interventions. To answer these questions, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed 35 studies with data from 3,268 caregivers of dementia patients.
12 Aug Alcohol and Nicotine Before Bedtime Can Impair Healthy Sleep
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_50639" align="alignleft" width="150"] Dr. Spadola[/caption]
Christine Spadola, M.S., LMHC, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Florida Atlantic University
Phyllis and Harvey Sandler School of Social Work
Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Short sleep duration and sleep fragmentation are associated with adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, certain cancers, and mental health challenges such as depression and anxiety. Avoiding the use of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine close to bedtime represent modifiable behaviors that can improve sleep. Nonetheless, among community dwelling adults (e.g., adults in their natural bedroom environment as opposed to research laboratories) and specifically African Americans, there is a lack of longitudinal research investigating the use of these substances and the associations with objective measures of sleep..
07 Aug Cooling Core Temperature with Warm Bath at Bedtime May Improve Sleep
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_50587" align="alignleft" width="149"]
Shahab Haghayegh[/caption]
Shahab Haghayegh, Ph.D. Candidate
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Cockrell School of Engineering
University of Texas at Austin
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: I'm a sleep researcher and I wanted to find the link between warm bath and sleep. Body temperature which is involved in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle, exhibits an endogenous circadian cycle, that is a 24-hour pattern, being highest by 2-3°F in the late afternoon/early evening than during sleep when it's lowest. The average person’s circadian cycle is characterized by a reduction in core body temperature by ~ 0.5 to 1° F the hour or so before one’s usual sleep time, dropping to its lowest level between the middle and later span of nighttime sleep. It then begins to rise, acting as a kind of a biological alarm clock wake-up signal. The temperature cycle leads the sleep cycle and is an essential factor in achieving rapid sleep onset and high efficiency sleep.
23 Jun REMfresh Study of Continuous Release Melatonin Demonstrated Improved Sleep Duration and Quality
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_49912" align="alignleft" width="133"] Dr. Brodner[/caption]
David C. Brodner, M.D.
Founder and Principle Physician
The Center for Sinus, Allergy, and Sleep Wellness
Double Board-Certified in Otolaryngology (Head and Neck Surgery)
and Sleep Medicine
Assistant Clinical Professor
Florida Atlantic University College of Medicine
Medical Director, Good Samaritan Hospital Sleep Laboratory
Senior Medical Advisor, Physician’s Seal, LLC®
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Chronic disorders of sleep and wakefulness affect an estimated 50-70 million adults in the United States. The cumulative long-term effects of sleep loss have been associated with a wide range of damaging health consequences, including obesity, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, anxiety and depression. In terms of preventing health consequences, sleeping 6-8 hours per night consistently may provide optimal health outcomes.
Comprehensive data from two recently completed patient-reported outcomes (PRO) studies provide further evidence of the observed hypnotic effects of REMfresh, demonstrating statistically significant improvements in sleep onset, sleep duration, sleep maintenance and sleep quality. PRO studies of this kind, which more closely address real-world patient experience, are increasingly being recognized by regulatory authorities and academia in evaluating new therapies. In addition to the traditional randomized, placebo-controlled trial studies, regulatory authorities are now incorporating the patient perspective in their decision making, including PRO studies. A PRO study is a measurement based on a report that comes directly from the patient about the status or change in their health condition and without amendment or interpretation of the patient's response by health-care intermediaries. PRO measures can be used to capture a patient's everyday experience outside of the clinician's office, and the effects of a treatment on the patient's activities of daily living. Together, clinical measures and PRO measures can provide a fuller picture of patient benefit.
REMfresh, the first and only continuous release and absorption melatonin (CRA-melatonin) formulation, is designed to give patients up to 7 hours of sleep support. It is a clinically studied, drug-free, nonprescription, #1 sleep doctor-recommended melatonin sleep brand.
21 Jun Sleep History as a Predictor For Late-Life Alzheimer’s Disease Later In Life
Sleep patterns can predict the increase of Alzheimer’s pathology proteins tau and β-amyloid later in life, according to a June 2019 study published in the Journal of Neuroscience. The findings shed hope on earlier diagnosis of Alzheimer’s and the adoption of preventive measures earlier in life. Researchers found a decrease in sleep spindle synchronization, which is linked to higher tau levels. Reduced amplitude of slow wave activity, meanwhile, is closely related to higher β-amyloid levels. In younger people, both slow oscillations and sleep spindles are synchronized. This changes as people grow older, with less coordination between the two being visible. The researchers also noted that subjects who slept less had a higher chance of having Alzheimer’s proteins when they were older. The findings show that both reduced sleep quantity and quality can serve as important warnings of the onset of Alzheimer’s.
16 Jun Gender Differences in Bothersome Restless Legs Syndrome of Sleep
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_49756" align="alignleft" width="128"] Dr. Stefani[/caption]
Ambra Stefani, MD
Sleep Disorders Clinic
Department of Neurology
Innsbruck Medical University
Innsbruck, Austria
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder, affecting up to 10% of the general population in Europe and North America. It is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by unpleasant sensations and an urge to move, mainly involving the legs. These symptoms appear or worsen in the evening/at night and improve with movement.
Background for this study was the idea that there might be gender differences in the phenotypical presentation of RLS, as the pathogenesis of this disease is multifactorial and gender specific factors also play a role.
05 Jun Even if Opioids Relieve Pain, They Don’t Necessarily Improve Sleep
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_49610" align="alignleft" width="133"] Dr. Tang[/caption]
Nicole Tang, D.Phil, C.Psychol (Reader)
Department of Psychology
Warwick Sleep and Pain Lab
University of Warwick
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Current guidelines recommend non-opioid therapy as the preferred treatment of chronic non-malignant (CNP) pain, with opioids reserved to situations “when benefits for pain and function are expected to outweigh risks” [1,10]. Whilst the effectiveness of opioid therapy is usually measured in terms of pain outcomes, less is known about its effect on day-to-day functions.
A particular function of concern to patients with chronic non-malignant pain
is the ability to get a good night's sleep.
The current systematic review has identified a set of papers with relevant outcomes regarding the effect of opioid therapy on sleep quality and sleep architecture in CNP patients. It
extends our understanding from the drug's respiratory depression effect in healthy
individuals to the potential risks and utility of opioid therapy for chronic non-malignant pain
patients with sleep disturbances.
Whilst the narrative synthesis and the exploratory meta-analysis of a subset of data both suggest that the use of opioid therapy is associated with an overall report of sleep quality improvement, such an improvement is not consistently replicated across studies
or substantiated by improvements in sleep parameters linked to deeper and better-sleep quality. Moreover, the improvement may be accompanied by undesirable side effects and increased daytime sleepiness that contradict with the very idea of improved
sleep quality. We are also painfully aware of the methodological limitations of the studies reviewed; their exposure to different sources of biases has heightened the risk of result inflation.
To many patients with chronic non-malignant pain, improved sleep is a top priority
when evaluating the performance of a new drug and non-drug intervention.
If we were to advance our current understanding of the
opioid-sleep relationship, future trials need to be designed with
this interdisciplinary question in mind such that validated measures
of sleep can be incorporated as an outcome measure alongside pain.
23 Apr Soft Bedding such as Blankets and Pillows Can Suffocate Babies
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_48770" align="alignleft" width="200"]
Dr. Erck Lambert[/caption]
Alexa B. Erck Lambert, MPH
DB Consulting Group, Inc, Silver Spring, Maryland
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Contractor
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Unintentional suffocation is the leading cause of injury death among infants under 1 year old in the US. This study investigates cases in CDC’s SUID Case Registry that were assigned the category of explained suffocation with unsafe sleep factors per CDC’s SUID Case Registry classification system, which was developed to consistently differentiate SUID cases into well-defined categories (including no autopsy or death scene investigation, incomplete case information, no unsafe sleep factors, unsafe sleep factors, possible suffocation with unsafe sleep factors, and explained suffocation with unsafe sleep factors) using standardized criteria and definitions. Cases classified as possible and explained suffocation were assigned one more mechanisms to which the airway obstruction was attributed including soft bedding, wedging, overlay and other – other was excluded from this analysis.
Most explained suffocations (69%) were attributed to soft bedding like a blanket or a pillow followed by overlay (19%), and wedging (12%). Although explained suffocation deaths represent a small proportion of all sudden unexpected infant deaths (14%), these losses are particularly tragic because they can be prevented by placing a baby to sleep in a safe environment.
17 Apr Short Rest Periods Are Performance Enhancers
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_48644" align="alignleft" width="156"]
In a study of healthy volunteers, NIH researchers found that taking short breaks, early and often, may help our brains learn new skills.Courtesy of Cohen lab, NIH/NINDS[/caption] Leonardo G. Cohen, M.D., Ph.D., Senior Investigator Marlene Bönstrup, M.D., Postdoctoral fellow in Dr. Cohen's lab NIH's National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: Learning a new skill is typically divided into online (during practice) and offline (after practice has ended) components. Particularly motor skill learning occurs to a considerable degree offline, meaning that performance further improves even after practice has ended. A single practice session itself however, is typically divided into short (level of seconds) periods of practice and rest. In this study, we set out to investigate the contribution of those short periods of practice and rest to the learning during a practice session (i.e. online learning). We found that during early motor skill learning, when most of the total learning occurs, performance improvements actually precipitate during short periods of rest whereas during practice periods, performance mostly stagnated. We found a signature of neural activity predictive of those performance improvements during rest: The lower the beta rhythmic activity in the parietofrontal regions of the brain during those short periods of rest, the higher were participant’s performance jumps.
26 Mar Sleep Disturbances Common in Mothers of Children with Atopic Dermatitis
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_48079" align="alignleft" width="135"] Dr. Abuabara[/caption]
Dr. Katrina Abuabara, MD, MA, MSCE
Department of Dermatology Program for Clinical Research, University of California, San Francisco
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: The wellbeing and development of children is strongly influenced by parents’ physical and psychosocial health. Parents of children with chronic illness, in particular, are susceptible to poor sleep, and previous studies have found major sleep impairments among parents of children with ventilator dependency and cystic fibrosis, but few studies have examined sleep patterns among parents of children with more common chronic illnesses like atopic dermatitis (also known as eczema).
07 Mar Short Naps May Aid in Blood Pressure Control
Posted at 16:01h
in Author Interviews, Blood Pressure - Hypertension, Heart Disease, Sleep Disorders
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
[caption id="attachment_47830" align="alignleft" width="200"] Dr. Kallistratos[/caption]
Dr Manolis S Kallistratos MD, PhD, FESC,EHS
Asklepeion General Hospital
Greece
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Lifestyle changes represent the cornerstone of treatment of arterial hypertension. Alcohol and salt reduction may decrease blood pressure levels by 2 to 8 mmHg.
In our study 60 minutes of midday sleep decrease 24 hours systolic blood pressure levels by up to 3 mmHg in well controlled hypertensives. That is an effect as potent as other well-established life style changes.
The magnitude of blood pressure decrease might seem small, but a drop in blood pressure as small as 2 mmHg can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events by up to 10 percent.
01 Mar Parents Still Losing Sleep 6 Years After New Baby
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_47714" align="alignleft" width="200"]
"Baby K - Mother's Kiss" by D.Clow[/caption]
Dr. Sakari Lemola
Associate Professor
Department of Psychology
University of Warwick
Coventry, UK
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Sufficient sleep of good quality is important for physical and mental health. Therefore, we are studying factors in people’s lives that may affect their sleep.
In the present study we examined in particular how the birth of a child affects parents’ sleep. In detail, we used data on sleep of more than 4,600 parents in Germany who had a child between 2008 and 2015. During these years parents reported on their sleep in yearly interviews. We found that the birth of a child had quite drastic short-term effects on new mothers’ sleep, particularly during the first three months after birth. This is not a new finding; previous studies reported similar effects. What is new in the current study is that we compared sleep before pregnancy with sleep until up to 6 years after birth.
We were surprised to see that sleep duration and sleep satisfaction were still decreased up to six years after birth. Six years after birth mothers and father still slept around 15-20 minutes less.
16 Feb Sleep is Good For Your Health, Including Your Heart!
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_47525" align="alignleft" width="225"] Dr. McAlpine[/caption]
Cameron S. McAlpine, Ph.D.
Banting Postdoctoral Fellow
Center for Systems Biology
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA, 02114
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Cardiovascular disease is caused by the build up of white blood cells and fat in arteries. We have known for a long time that poor sleep is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A number of human observational studies have found this correlation. However, the reasons for this correlation have been largely unknown.
Our study, performed in mice, provides one possible explanation. We found that when we disturbed the sleep of mice they produced more inflammatory white blood cells. These cells caused larger lesions in their arteries and more advanced cardiovascular disease.
We found that his phenomenon is controlled by a hormone produced in the brain that normally suppresses the production of white blood cells. When mice have their sleep disturbed this pathway breakdown causing the increased production of white blood cells.
11 Feb Memories Can Be Stored During Some Unconscious Sleep States
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_47391" align="alignleft" width="151"] Dr. Züst[/caption]
Marc Züst, PhD
University of Bern
Department of Psychology
Division of Experimental Psychology and Neuropsychology
Switzerland
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Slow wave sleep (deep sleep) is known to be very important for memory reorganization. The brain goes through the memory traces that were created during wakefulness and strengthens the important ones, while unimportant ones are weakened or deleted to make room for new learning the next day. This happens during the peaks of the eponymous slow waves, also called up-states, where the brain is highly active and interconnected. Up-states last for about 0.5 sec before transitioning into down-states, where the brain is relatively silent.
Based on these findings, we hypothesized that up-states constitute windows of opportunity to learn new information during slow wave sleep: The "channels are open", and the brain is already performing memory functions.
The results of our study support this hypothesis. We found that, if we repeatedly managed to synchronize presentation of word pairs with up-states, memory for these pairs was best. Moreover, we find a dose-response function: The more often word pairs hit up-states, the better the memory. On top of that, fMRI during the retrieval test suggests that the same brain regions are involved in sleep learning as are involved in learning during wakefulness.
28 Jan Going to Bed Right After Dinner May Raise Diabetes Risk
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Chiyori Haga, R.N. P.H.N Ph.D Department of Community Nursing Graduate School of Health Science Okayama University in Japan MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: In Japan, we have a health checkup system for middle and elderly people to prevent their non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and give them some health guidance based a guideline. The guideline has suggested that short duration between bed time and dinner time will be a risk factor of metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus for some duration. However, there may be no association between them, it is the main findings.
25 Jan Rocking Encourages Deeper Sleep and Better Memory
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:Mme Aurore Perrault, PhD Student
Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine
University of Geneva
Geneva, Switzerland
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: We naturally rock babies to sleep. Yet, we also have plenty of anecdotal reports of adults falling asleep faster when in a train or a car, as well as a feeling of relaxation in a hammock. Our companion paper on mice (Kompotis et a., 2019 – same issue in Current Biology) clearly established that the beneficial effects of rocking on sleep relied on the activation of the vestibular system and might thus suggest some shared neurophysiological mechanisms in mammals.
14 Jan Less Than Six Hours of Sleep May Raise Risk of Heart Disease
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_46941" align="alignleft" width="133"] Dr. Ordovás[/caption]
José M. Ordovás, PhD
Director Nutrition and Genomics
Professor Nutrition and Genetics
JM-USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University
Boston, MA 02111
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: The current knowledge supports the notion that poor sleep is associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Besides, there is some proof that poor sleep might be related to the development of atherosclerosis; however, this evidence has been provided by studies including few participants and, in general, with sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea. Our research has used state-of-the-art imaging technology to measure plaque buildup in the arteries, and objective measures of sleep quantity and quality in about 4000 participants of the PESA CNIC- Santander Study. Moreover, this is the first study to look at the multiterritory development of plaques versus other studies that looked exclusively at the coronary arteries. Therefore, this combination provides stronger evidence than previous studies about the risk of poor sleep on the development of atherosclerosis.
13 Jan Loss of Deep Sleep Associated With Early Alzheimer’s Disease
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_46932" align="alignleft" width="137"]
Dr. Lucey[/caption]
Brendan P. Lucey, MD, MSCI
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Director, Sleep Medicine Section
Washington University School of Medicine
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Alzheimer’s disease and sleep are currently thought to have a two-way or bidirectional relationship.
First, sleep disturbances may increase the risk of developing AD.
Second, changes in sleep-wake activity may be due to Alzheimer’s disease pathology and our paper was primarily focused on this aspect of the relationship. If sleep changes were a marker for AD changes in the brain, then this would be very helpful in future clinical trials and possibly screening in the clinic.
26 Dec Undiagnosed Sleep Apnea Linked to Resistant Hypertension in African Americans
Posted at 13:19h
in AHA Journals, Author Interviews, Blood Pressure - Hypertension, Emory, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Race/Ethnic Diversity, Sleep Disorders
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
[caption id="attachment_46693" align="alignleft" width="142"]
Dr. Johnson[/caption]
Dayna A. Johnson PhD
Department of Epidemiology
Emory University
Atlanta, GA
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: There are several studies that have determined that African Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension and are the most likely to have uncontrolled hypertension compared to other racial/ethnic groups. We were interested in studying whether sleep apnea contributed to hypertension control among African Americans.
We found that participants with sleep apnea were more likely to have resistant hypertension than those without sleep apnea. In particular, individuals with severe sleep apnea had the highest risk of resistant hypertension. Most of the participants with measured sleep apnea were undiagnosed (96%).
14 Dec Therapeutic Oxygen May Enhance Restorative Sleep
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_46580" align="alignleft" width="133"] Brandon Hauer[/caption]
Brandon Hauer, Neuroscience PhD Student
Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute
Clayton Dickson, Professor
Departments of Psychology, Physiology, and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Our lab is interested in the dynamics of sleep and sleep-like rhythms in the forebrain. One particular interest relates to how the brain can spontaneously switch between very different states like rapid eye movement sleep (REM, or dreaming sleep) and slow-wave sleep (deep, restorative stage of sleep).
We noticed that administering 100% oxygen to rats in an anesthetized preparation that closely models natural sleep produced an immediate and lasting switch into a slow-wave brain state. This happened as well in naturally sleeping rats. Interestingly, increasing carbon dioxide concentrations or decreasing oxygen in inspired air produced the opposite effect, namely a switch into activated or REM-like states.