Author: Marie Benz MD FAAD
02 Oct SUNRISE 2 Trial: Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of DAYVIGO™ (lemborexant) For Insomnia in Adults
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_52599" align="alignleft" width="125"]
Dr. Moline[/caption]
Margaret Moline, PhD
Executive Director, Neurology Business Group, Eisai, Inc
Lemborexant International Program Lead and Global Medical Lead
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
- SUNRISE 2 was one of two pivotal Phase 3 studies evaluated in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s approval of DAYVIGO (lemborexant) CIV in December 2019.
- SUNRISE 2 was a pivotal six-month placebo-controlled treatment trial with a 6-month active treatment period including adult patients age 18 or older who met DSM-5 criteria for insomnia disorder.
- Patients were randomized to placebo (n=325), DAYVIGO 5 mg (n=323), or DAYVIGO 10 mg (n=323) once nightly for the first six months of the study (Treatment Period 1).
- The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change from baseline to end of treatment at six months for subjective sleep onset latency (sSOL; the estimated minutes from the time that the patient attempted to sleep until sleep onset).
- Secondary efficacy endpoints were mean change from baseline to end of treatment at six months subjective sleep efficiency (sSE; the proportion of time spent asleep per time in bed) and subjective wake after sleep onset (sWASO; the minutes of wake from the onset of sleep until wake time). These endpoints were measured by sleep diary.
- At Virtual SLEEP 2020, a post-hoc analysis of SUNRISE 2 was shared in an oral presentation, which looked specifically at the long-term efficacy and safety of lemborexant in elderly adults with insomnia disorder.
- Insomnia disorder, a chronic condition with long-term consequences for health and well-being, is prevalent in older adults.
- This analysis of the SUNRISE 2 data reflects new learnings on the sustained impact of DAYVIGO on sleep onset and sleep maintenance in an older patient population.
02 Oct Scientists Identify Factor That May Allow Skin to Heal Without Scarring
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55555" align="alignleft" width="133"] Dr. Driskell[/caption]
Ryan R. Driskell Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
School of Molecular Biosciences
Center for Reproductive Biology
Washington State University
Pullman, WA. 99164
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Scars a serious health concern when they cover large areas of the body. Understanding how to functionally regenerate skin can improve the quality of life for individuals with large scars.
Importantly, our study is proof of concept, in that we identified a genetic factor that allows adult skin to repair itself like the skin of a newborn babe. The discovery has implications for better skin wound treatment as well as preventing some of the aging process in skin.
01 Oct Parkinson’s Disease: Skin Biopsy May Provide Less Invasive Diagnostic Test
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55549" align="alignleft" width="150"] Dr. Wenquan Zou[/caption]
Wenquan Zou, MD/PhD, Professor
Department of Pathology
Associate Director
National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Cleveland, Ohio 44106
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by the accumulation of pathologically misfolded α-synuclein (αSynP) aggregates in the brain. Currently, a definite diagnosis relies on the detection of αSynP-containing Lewy bodies in the brain of PD patients. Development of a reliable and sensitive assay for αSynP in easily accessible peripheral tissue specimens is critical for early or differential diagnosis, determination of disease severity, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. Previous studies have revealed that the pathologically phosphorylated α-synuclein is detectable with traditional immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy but the sensitivity with IHC/IF is highly variable and inconsistent.
Also the prion-like aggregation seeding activity of αSynP is detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Parkinson’s disease patients with highly sensitive real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification assays (PMCA). But the lumbar puncture to collect CSF is more invasive compared to skin punch biopsy.
01 Oct Minority COVID-19 Patients Had More Co-Morbidities Including Obesity, Heart Disease and Diabetes
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55544" align="alignleft" width="150"]
Dr. Garg[/caption]
Dr. Madhur Garg, MD MBA
Clinical director, Radiation Oncology
Montefiore Health System and Professor
Departments of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery - and Urology
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: The Bronx was hit particularly hard with Covid-19 - making up one of the highest per capita cases and deaths in the country. Montefiore Health System and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, care for a large population of ethnic minorities (non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals make up 65% of our patient population).
01 Oct Olaparib (Lynparza) Targeted Therapy for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
[caption id="attachment_55541" align="alignleft" width="160"] Dr. Hussain[/caption]
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Maha Hussain, MD, FACP, FASCO
Genevieve Teuton Professor of MedicineDivision of Hem/Onc
Deputy Director
Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: PROfound is an open-label international Phase III clinical trial which evaluated the efficacy and safety of Olaparib (Lynparza) versus enzalumatide or abiraterone and prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have progressed on prior treatment with NHA treatments (abiraterone and prednisone or enzalutamide) and have a qualifying tumor mutation in BRCA1/2, ATM or one of the other genes involved in the HRR pathway.
The trial design included 2 cohorts; Cohort A included patients with BRCA1,2 or ATM and Cohort 2 included patients with 12 other HRR genes.
30 Sep HPV Vaccination Associated With Marked Reduction in Invasive Cervical Cancer
Posted at 21:38h
in Author Interviews, Cancer Research, HPV, Karolinski Institute, NEJM, Vaccine Studies
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Dr. Jiayao Lei PhD
Prof. Pär Sparén PhD
Karolinski Institute
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: The efficacy and effectiveness of quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine protecting against HPV infection, genital warts and high-grade precancerous cervical lesions have been shown. However, there is lack of population-based studies in examining the association between HPV vaccine and invasive cervical cancer on individual level.
30 Sep Fructose May Have Worsening Effect on Inflammatory Bowel Disease
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: David C. Montrose, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Pathology Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook Cancer Center Stony Brook University MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: Rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been increasing worldwide. In parallel with this, fructose consumption has increased. This study demonstrates that feeding high levels of fructose worsens intestinal inflammation in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This fructose-induced worsening of disease is mediated through effects on gut bacteria.
30 Sep Who Drank More During COVID-19 Lockdown? Men or Women?
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55510" align="alignleft" width="209"]
Dr. Pollard[/caption]
Michael S. Pollard, Ph.D.
Professor, Pardee RAND Graduate School
Senior Sociologist
RAND Corporation
Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: There are ample anecdotal jokes and stories about increased alcohol use during COVID-19 and stay-at-home orders. Our study provides robust longitudinal evidence that people drank more frequently, and for women in particular, more heavily, and with more negative consequences, during the initial stages of COVID-19 compared to their own behaviors from a year earlier (May/June 2020 compared to May/June 2019). Women’s alcohol consumption was most significantly changed, with a 17% increase in number of days drinking, and a 41% increase in days of binge drinking (when they had four or more drinks in a couple of hours). This means that, nationally, one in five women drank heavily one more day a month than the same time in 2019, on average. Women also reported a 39% increase in alcohol-related problems, such as “I took foolish risks” or “I failed to do what was expected of me” because of drinking alcohol.
30 Sep Are You Left Handed? Maybe Its Not All In Your Genes
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55530" align="alignleft" width="150"]
Prof. Medland[/caption]
Professor Sarah Medland
Coordinator of the Mental Health Research Program and Group Leader Psychiatric Genetics
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: This large collaborative project involving participants and researchers from around the world which has been underway for about 10 years. The aim was to try and identify genetic variants that influence handedness with the goal of increasing our knowledge about the way lateralization develops in behaviour and in the brain.
In this project we were able to bring together results from cohort studies conducted by academic collaborators, the UK Biobank and 23andMe yielding a total sample size of over 1.7 million participants. Working with Professor David Evans the co-senior author of the paper (University of Queensland) and Dr Gabriel Cuellar-Partida the first author of the paper (formally UQ now at 23andMe) and the other researchers who worked on the project we meta-analysed the genome-wide association analysis results from the cohorts and were able to identify 41 genetic variants that influence left-handedness and 7 that influence ambidextrousness.
30 Sep Circumstantial Link Between Women’s Response to Men’s Body Odor and Recurrent Miscarriage
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Dr. Liron Rozenkrantz Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Program in Placebo Studies, Harvard Medical School Former PhD student at Human Olfaction Research group, Department of Neurobiology Weizmann Institute of Science Reut Weissgross Research student Human Olfaction Research group, Department of Neurobiology Weizmann Institute of Science MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: A pregnancy loss is not such a rare event as you would think: it is estimated that about 50% of all conceptions (or 15% of the documented pregnancies) end in spontaneous miscarriage. About 1-2% of all couples trying to conceive will experience recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), meaning 2-3 consecutive miscarriages, and despite going through numerous clinical investigations (hormonal tests, genetics and so) - about half of these cases will remain unexplained. This devastating phenomenon leaves couples with no explanation as to why they cannot bear a child. While most research in this field is focused on the reproductive organs (mainly the uterus), hormones and genes, we set out to look for new possible routes. The literature regarding the tight connection between olfaction and reproduction, mainly by social body-odors (or pheromones), is heavily documented, especially in rodents. Body-odors emitted from males affect pubertal development of juvenile female rodents and estrus cycle, and females body odors affect other females’ fertility state. The most robust phenomenon in this relation is the Bruce effect, in which pregnant female mice who are exposed to body-odors from a non-stud male - will experience impanation failure in 80% of exposures! Since there is growing evidence for the involvement of the olfactory system in human reproduction, we asked whether the olfactory system is also involved in human reproductive disorders such as unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (uRPL). To answer this question, we recruited 40 women experiencing uRPL and 57 matched controls (who never experienced a miscarriage, and are at similar age to the uRPL women), and compared their olfactory profile, mainly in response to men’s body-odors.
29 Sep Botox Treatments: How Long Do They Last and What Is the Optimal Treatment Strategy?
Botox treatment was created to make undesirable physical lines less visible. It is an efficient way to bring the natural facial appeal back to its normal condition. By getting quick and painless Botox injections, you can maintain the appearance you want most. There are a lot of myths surrounding the treatment, but the popularity of Botox is a very real thing.
The Stars Know
When you hear about Botox, it is usually attached to a celebrity story. This type of treatment is very popular in Hollywood circles, and for good reason. It is an effective way to keep a specific look without major cosmetic surgery.
When time is of the essence, Botox has no equal. You can set up an appointment, get the injections, and see results as early as three days. That is a single weekend required to get good looking results without breaking the bank. Hollywood is a business that relies on looks, so the popularity of Botox is no surprise. Its effectiveness on the most beautiful people in the world is the main reason why it’s still trending.
29 Sep Higher Risk of Migraine in LGBT Community
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55488" align="alignleft" width="150"] Dr. Nagata, MD[/caption]
Jason Nagata, MD, MSc
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Although prior research has identified disparities in migraine by race and sex, little was previously known about disparities in migraine by sexual orientation.
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings?
Response: In a national sample of nearly 10,000 adults in the USA, we found that nearly one third of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals have experienced a migraine. Overall, we found that lesbian, gay, or bisexual individuals had 58% higher odds of experiencing a migraine compared to heterosexual individuals. We also found that individuals who identified as mostly heterosexual but with some same-sex attractions were more likely to experience a migraine compared to those who identified as exclusively heterosexual.
29 Sep Dramatic Drop in Non-Covid Respiratory Viruses During Peak of Epidemic
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Dr Stephen Poole BRC Clinical Research Fellow from the Southampton Southampton, UK MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Our understanding of how the emergence of COVID 19 (SARS-CoV-2) has effected existing seasonal respiratory viruses, like influenza or common cold viruses, is limited. Many labs stopped or reduced their testing for these other respiratory viruses during the first epidemic peak as healthcare providers were trying to save resources for COVID-19 testing. We know that the viruses in circulation prior to COVID caused a lot of exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but it is unclear whether this is the case with SARS-CoV-2. The aims of our study were to measure the impact of the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 on other respiratory viruses and to compare the patterns of illness. Our group in Southampton, UK led by Dr Tristan Clark were uniquely positioned to be able to do this. We have run 3 large trials in the last 5 winters which have tested for a wide range of respiratory viruses all in the same group of patients: adults arriving in hospital with a recent onset respiratory illness. We use this to compare the proportion of tests which were positive in the height of the COVID pandemic (March-May) with the same time period in previous years.
29 Sep Immune Mediators Contribute to More Severe COVID-19 Infection in Men
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Gizem Kilic MSc, PhD Candidate} Radboud University Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine Laboratory of Experimental Internal Medicine Nijmegen MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Having emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, novel coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has become a major health crisis affecting worldwide. Although the disease symptoms are mild in most of the cases, it is known that advanced age and co-morbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases increase the risk of disease severity. Moreover, epidemiological data from different countries indicated that the mortality rate is higher in males compared to females. There are reports suggesting that some viral and bacterial infection are sex-biased; however, why males are more susceptible to develop severe COVID-19 infection has not been fully understood yet.
29 Sep Greater Understanding of How High Fructose Corn Syrup Enhances Metabolic Risk Factors
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Kimber L. Stanhope PhD RD Department of Molecular Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Dr. Bettina Hieronimus PhD Institute of Child Nutrition Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Karlsruhe MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Sugar consumption is associated with increased body weight and other metabolic diseases. Fructose in particular seems to be detrimental to health as it causes higher increases in blood lipids compared to glucose. Our study assessed the effects of sugar consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors. We compared the effects of consuming glucose, two different doses of fructose or high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) with a non-caloric sweetener. Our subjects were healthy young individuals who drank three sweetened beverages per day over the course of two weeks.
26 Sep COVID-19: Survey of Dialysis Population Shows Higher Prevalence Among Poor and Minority Patients
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55479" align="alignleft" width="150"] Dr. Anand[/caption]
Shuchi Anand M.D. M.S.
Director of the Center for Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease
Stanford University
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Seroprevalence (or presence of antibodies in response to SARS CoV-2) is considered by many experts to be the most complete to track the spread of COVID19 in communities. However seroprevalence studies are hard to conduct, because they require going into communities and underdoing random blood draws. Many people—especially racial and ethnic minorities, or people with underlying health conditions, or people with language barriers—may be hard to reach for these types of surveys. Plus outreach into communities is very difficult in light of the COVID19 pandemic.
To mitigate this problem we worked with a random sample of 28,503 patients on hemodialysis, the vast majority of whom are covered by Medicare. They get their blood drawn monthly, as part of their routine care. Furthermore even though we used a random sample, we know that patients on dialysis are more likely to be racial and ethnic minorities, and more likely to come from disadvantaged backgrounds.
26 Sep Patients on Statins Less Likely to Develop Severe COVID-19 Infections
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55494" align="alignleft" width="150"] Dr. Daniels[/caption]
Lori B. Daniels, MD, MAS, FACC, FAHA
Professor of Medicine
Director, Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit
UCSD Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center
La Jolla, CA 92037-7411
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: The purpose of our study was to investigate whether there is an association between the use of statin medications and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Our study investigated all patients hospitalized for treatment of COVID at a major US academic medical center during the study period. We studied patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19, and compared those who had been taking statins for at least 30 days prior to admission, with those not on statins.
25 Sep COVID-19: Genetics Helps Explain National Differences in Infection Rate, Severity and Mortality
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: David Gurwitz, PhD Associate Professor Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv Israel MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: We closely followed the news on COVID-19 epidemiology since it was declared a pandemic, and were puzzled by the low fatality rates reported in nearly all East Asian countries, even that clearly this was in part due to fast response; for example, Taiwan remains the best example for combatting the pandemic. My past research on serpins (serine protease inhibitors) made me wonder if ethnic differences in some of them are in part related to the relatively low COVID-19 morbidities and fatalities, as serine proteases, in particular TMPPRSS2, are strongly implicated in the SARS-CoV-2 respiratory track cell entry and infection. Additionally, serine proteases such as neutrophil elastase are highly implicated in inflammatory tissue damage. Guy Shapira, a graduate student of my colleague Professor Noam Shomron, examined mutation records in different ethnic groups for the entire human serpin gene family. He came up with the findings we report regarding a close correlation between national records of the frequencies of the two mutations PiZ and PiS, underlying alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, in 67 countries on the global scale, and the current COVID-19 fatalities in the same 67 countries.
25 Sep ABCD Study: Risks to Children From Cannabis During Pregnancy
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Sarah E. Paul, BA , Graduate Student and Ryan Bogdan, PhD, Associate Professor BRAIN Lab Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO 63130 MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Sarah Paul: This study was motivated by several trends in cannabis use, its legal landscape, and people's perception of risk. As more states legalize recreational cannabis use, cannabis has become more accessible as well as more potent. Over the past couple of decades, the percentage of adolescents and adults who think that cannabis use is risky or harmful has fallen substantially. Cannabis dispensaries have been reported to actually recommend cannabis to pregnant women for the treatment of pregnancy-related nausea. And finally, between 2002/2003 and 2016/2017, the percentage of women reporting cannabis use during their pregnancies rose 106%. Given these trends and the mixed literature regarding the potential consequences associated with prenatal cannabis exposure, we aimed to comprehensively examine a range of outcomes in a large, representative sample while accounting for a host of important potentially confounding covariates.
25 Sep Low Level Light Therapy Has Potential to Help Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55471" align="alignleft" width="150"] Dr. Figueiro LongoTBI[/caption]
Maria Gabriela Figueiro Longo, MD, MSc
Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School, Boston
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Transcranial low-level light therapy (3LT) has been shown to be effective in animal models of traumatic brain injury.
Our goal was to assess the 3LT in humans with acute TBI.
We tested (1) safety, and (2) any effect in the brain in a measurable way.
We found positive results for both - there was no event adverse during the trial related to the 3LT; and we found some differences in the brain MRI diffusivity parameters in the patients who received light therapy compared to the sham group.
The study was not powered for clinical evaluation, although there was a trend towards lower symptom burden in the treated group.
24 Sep New Study Finds Type 2 Diabetes May Be Controlled With Once-Weekly Insulin
Remarks from: [caption id="attachment_55474" align="alignleft" width="140"] Dr. Rosenstock[/caption]
Julio Rosenstock, M.D
Director, Dallas Diabetes and Endocrine Center
Clinical Professor of Medicine
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, TX
MedicalResearch.com: Why was the study initiated / What is the background of the study?
Response: Most people with type 2 diabetes, would prefer simplicity, with fewer injections than currently provided by once-daily basal insulin treatment regimens. Therefore, there is a need to continue to offer innovative treatment options to support people living with type 2 diabetes and hopefully improve their glycemic outcomes. As a once-weekly basal insulin, insulin icodec has the potential to offer a simpler, efficacious and well-tolerated treatment option thereby reducing the potential burden on people living with type 2 diabetes.
23 Sep Childhood Peanut and Nut Allergies More Frequent at Halloween and Easter
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55467" align="alignleft" width="176"]
Melanie Leung[/caption]
Melanie Leung, M.D.,C.M. candidate 2021
4th-year medical student at McGill University
Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital
McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
Dr. Moshe Ben-Shoshan, MD, MSc
Pediatric allergist and immunologist at the MCH (Montreal Children’s Hospital) and
Scientist at the Research Institute of the MUHC (McGill University Health Center)
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: In Canada, up to 9% of children have at least 1 food allergy. Anaphylaxis is the most severe and potential life-threatening manifestation of food allergy. Peanuts and tree nuts are the main culprits in food-induced anaphylaxis and account for most fatal cases in North America.
Public awareness about peanut and nut anaphylaxis can help to prevent and to act promptly, in the case of anaphylactic reaction. However, the best timing for public awareness campaigns remained unknown, as no previous study looked at the potential association between specific times of the year, such as public holidays, and the incidence of peanut and tree nut anaphylaxis. Our aim was to evaluate the risk of peanut and tree nut-induced anaphylaxis on Halloween, Christmas, Easter, Diwali, Chinese New Year, and Eid al-Adha.
Data was collected from 1390 pediatric cases of peanut or nut-induced anaphylaxis across Canada (Newfoundland & Labrador, Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia), from 2011 to 2020. 62% of children were boys and the median age was 5.4 years. We compared the average daily number of cases during each holiday and compared it to the rest of the year (i.e.: non-holiday period).
23 Sep Mount Sinai Icahn Researchers Develop Prediction Model for COVID-19 Mortality
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55462" align="alignleft" width="100"] Dr. Pandey[/caption]
Gaurav Pandey, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences
Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Given the toll that the COVID-19 pandemic has taken on people's health and lives worldwide, it is crucial to be able to accurately predict patients' outcomes, including their chances of mortality from the disease. Using the largest clinical dataset to date, and a systematical machine learning framework, the research team at Mount Sinai identified an accurate and parsimonious prediction model of COVID-19 mortality.
This model was based on only three routinely collected clinical features, namely patient's age, minimum oxygen saturation over the course of their medical encounter, and type of patient encounter (inpatient vs outpatient and telehealth visits).
23 Sep COVID-19: Asymptomatic Individuals May Be Driving Pandemic
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Joon Seo Lim, PhD, ELS Clinical Research Center Asan Institute for Life Sciences Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu Seoul, Republic of Korea MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: The COVID-19 pandemic is continuing to spread at an alarming rate in all parts of the world, and screening individuals based on symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, anosmia) does not seem to be effective in sufficiently curbing the transmission of the disease. This suggests that asymptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 may be a driving force of the ongoing pandemic, but empirical evidence on this issue has been lacking because asymptomatic individuals are likely to go unnoticed unless subjected to systematic contact tracing. A large-sized outbreak of COVID-19 from a single religious group in South Korea enabled us to identify and test a large number of asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 alongside symptomatic patients from the same cluster.
22 Sep Using the EMR to Identify Clinical Trial Candidates Can Increase Diversity in Studies
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55454" align="alignleft" width="150"] Dr. Miller[/caption]
Hailey Miller, PhD, RN
Postdoctoral Associate
Duke University School of Nursing
Stephen P. Juraschek, MD PhD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Digital tools, such as the electronic medical record (EMR), are increasingly utilized to identify and recruit participants for clinical trials. These strategies offer a strong opportunity to increase recruitment yields, however, our previous work has demonstrated that patient portal users are disproportionately White, and therefore utilizing these strategies may contribute to the under-representation of Black Americans in clinical research.
This study examined multiple recruitment strategies, including EMR-based strategies and other non-EMR strategies, such as community mailing, Facebook advertisement and newspaper advertisement, to understand if recruitment strategies influenced the demographic composition of trial participants. Given our previous finding that patient portal users are disproportionately White, one of our EMR-based strategies included postal mailing to individuals without a patient portal.
21 Sep Minorities At Increased Risk of Cancer Care Disruption During COVID-19
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55450" align="alignleft" width="200"] Dr. El Bakouny[/caption]
Ziad Bakouny, MD, MSc
Post-doctoral research fellow
Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected patients with cancer, with these patients unfortunately having worse outcomes than the general population. In fact, a recent report by the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) showed that the mortality rate in patients with cancer who develop COVID-19, at 30 days median follow-up, was 16%. Although the adverse outcomes of patients with cancer who develop COVID-19 has received much attention, few studies have thus far investigated the effects of the potential disruption to cancer care delivery caused by the pandemic.
Our aim in the COVID and Cancer Outcomes Study (CCOS) was therefore to evaluate this disruption to cancer care caused by the pandemic. This is a multicenter prospective cohort study that included patients seen in the outpatient setting at the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston during one week in March (between March 2 and March 6 2020). Data was collected 3 months before this index week and 3 months prospectively (during the first peak of the pandemic in the Northeastern United States).
21 Sep Too Much or Too Little Sleep Linked to Cognitive Decline
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Wuxiang Xie, PhD Peking University Clinical Research Institute Peking University First Hospital Beijing, China MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Dementia is one of the most common and serious disorders in later life. A strong relationship between sleep and cognitive function had been previously reported, while the relationship between sleep duration and the trajectory of cognitive decline remains unclear.
21 Sep False Claims Act Linked to Drop in Stent Surgery
Posted at 20:00h
in Author Interviews, Cost of Health Care, Emory, Heart Disease, JAMA, Surgical Research
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
[caption id="attachment_55443" align="alignleft" width="200"] Dr. Howard[/caption]
David H. Howard, PhD
Professor, Health Policy and Management
Rollins School of Public Health
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Application of the False Claims Act (FCA) to medically unnecessary care is controversial, both in the courts and in the Department of Justice. Although there haven’t been many FCA suits against hospitals and physicians for performing unnecessary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs), the suits that have occurred have been against some of the highest-volume hospitals and physicians. Some cardiologists have been sentenced to prison.
21 Sep COVID-19 Major Impact on Cancer Patients, Oncologists and Medical Education
MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_55440" align="alignleft" width="200"] Dr. Guy Jerusalem[/caption]
Guy Jerusalem MD PhD
Medical Oncology, CHU Sart Tilman Liège and University of Liège
Liège/BE
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: COVID-19 pandemic impacted healthcare systems globally and resulted in the interruption of usual care in many healthcare facilities exposing vulnerable cancer patients to significant risks. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of this pandemic on cancer care worldwide. A 95 items survey was constructed and distributed worldwide by 20 oncologists from 10 of the most affected countries. 109 representatives from oncology centers in 18 countries filled out the survey between June 17 and July 14.