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AACR, Author Interviews, Cancer Research / 28.04.2025

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Aditya Shreenivas M.D.,  M.S. Assistant Professor Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research City of Hope https://www.cityofhope.rg/aditya-shreenivas MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly aggressive tumor of the head and neck region with a distinct geographical distribution, with incidence rates as high as 30 per 100,000 in endemic regions like Asia and North Africa but less than 1 per 100,000 worldwide. Despite comprehensive curative intent therapy, up to 30% of patients with advanced NPC experience treatment failure, primarily due to recurrence and/or metastasis. This high mortality rate highlighted the urgent need for effective treatments. Clinical trials (JUPITER-02, CAPTAIN-1st, and RATIONALE-309) showed improved progression-free survival by adding anti-PD-1 antibodies to chemotherapy for first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic NPC. However, these studies were conducted exclusively in Asian populations. Penpulimab is a humanized anti-PD-1 antibody that's unique because it is a  IgG1 subtype with a modified Fc segment. This structure potentially improves efficacy and safety compared to other anti-PD-1 drugs through lower immune-related adverse events. (more…)
Author Interviews, Diabetes / 16.04.2025

MedicalResearch.com with: Dr. David Klonoff MD Medical Director of the Dorothy L. and James E. Frank Diabetes Research Institute of Mills-Peninsula Medical Center Clinical Professor of Medicine at UCSF   MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this the FITTER Forward expert recommendations?
  • The focus of healthcare professionals (HCPs) tends to be primarily on the drug and overall treatment, while the administration of insulin and other peptide medications—which can play a critical role in outcomes—is often overlooked. The Fitter Forward group, consisting of 16 diabetes experts from 13 countries, decided to update a previous set of recommendations that was almost a decade old, with newly published evidence and materials. This new report, published in the April 2025 edition of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, highlights recent advances in needle technology, the physiology of insulin injections, and proper injection techniques.
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Author Interviews, Cannabis, Medical Imaging, OBGYNE, Pediatrics / 10.04.2025

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Sam (Seyedmehdi) Payabvash, MD Associate Professor of Radiology Columbia University Medical Center MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Prenatal marijuana use is on the rise, largely due to increasing legalization and shifting public perception of its safety during pregnancy. Although prior studies have linked prenatal marijuana exposure to adverse neonatal and behavioral outcomes, the long-term neurodevelopmental effects, especially as assessed through advanced neuroimaging techniques, remain underexplored. (more…)
Author Interviews, Biomarkers, Parkinson's / 08.04.2025

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Prof. Hermona Soreq The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC) and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science at the Hebrew University MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are tRFs and how do they impact neurodegeneration?

Response:   tRFs: The molecular SOS of early life stress

If you remember your high school biology classes, you might remember that tRNAs are molecules that help assemble proteins based on encoding amino acids. In recent years, scientists discovered that when these molecules break down it’s not merely cellular garbage – it can be gold. Specifically, tRNAs can be sliced into short pieces, called tRNA fragments (or tRFs), which act like little regulators, switching translation on and off in ways we’re still trying to understand. Think of a tRNA as a Swiss army knife. It has structure, function, and folds on itself. But under certain conditions - like stress - it's chopped up into smaller pieces, each with a distinct signal. These fragments aren't random junk; they’re more like emergency messages, scattered through the bloodstream, reflecting the body’s internal state. That idea - of tRFs as biological SOS signals - led us to wonder: could these fragments tell us what the fetus experiences in utero? Could they show us, in molecular form, the impact of maternal psychosocial stress? (more…)
Addiction, Author Interviews, Mental Health Research / 31.03.2025

Parita K. Ray

Medical Student

Department of Medical Education

Geisinger College of Health Sciences

Scranton, PA 18509

 

MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?

  • Citalopram and escitalopram are two of the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in the U.S. and are widely used for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), along with various off-label indications. While both medications share similar mechanisms of action, escitalopram was introduced as a purified version of citalopram’s active enantiomer. Despite little evidence showing a clear superiority of escitalopram over citalopram in efficacy or tolerability, prescribing trends appear to favor escitalopram, raising concerns about "evergreening"—a practice where pharmaceutical companies promote newer formulations of existing drugs to extend market exclusivity. Prior research has shown variations in the prescription rates of psychotropic medications across states and within specific populations, particularly among Medicaid and Medicare patients. However, little is known about the long-term prescribing patterns of citalopram versus escitalopram in these populations and whether these trends reflect potential evergreening practices.

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Author Interviews, Weight Research / 20.03.2025

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Prof. Marwan EL GHOCH Professore Associato in Scienza dell'Alimentazione e Tecniche Dietetiche Applicate MEDS-08/C Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia Modena, 41125, Italy MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Body mass index (BMI) is an easy-to-use tool to determine an individual’s by classifying him/her as having normal weight, overweight, or obesity, and this is based on universal cut-off points suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) for all age groups. Not taking into account the potential changes that may occur to body composition compartments during the individual’s lifespan. In fact, little is still known about this topic in people with overweight and obesity. For this reason our study aimed to compare the body composition compartments between three different age groups (young, middle-age, and older adults), adopting a design that matched these 3 age groups by BMI. (more…)
Race/Ethnic Diversity, Technology, Telemedicine / 20.03.2025

  Healthcare inequality remains one of the most pressing global challenges, affecting billions of people worldwide. Despite advancements in medical science and healthcare infrastructure, access to quality healthcare services remains unequal across different regions, socioeconomic groups, and communities. Disparities in healthcare access, affordability, and outcomes persist due to factors such as income level, geographic location, race, gender, and social status. However, technology has emerged as a powerful tool in bridging these gaps and democratizing healthcare. From telemedicine and wearable devices to artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, innovative technologies are transforming the healthcare landscape and making healthcare more accessible, affordable, and efficient. Healthcare software developers play a crucial role in this transformation, creating the digital platforms, applications, and tools that enable these technological advancements to reach a wider audience. (more…)
Trials / 11.03.2025

clinical-trials-faster-research-outcomes Clinical trials are essential for advancing medical science and developing new treatments. However, the process can often be slow and cumbersome, delaying the delivery of innovative therapies to patients in need. Emerging technologies are transforming this landscape, providing tools that make clinical trials more efficient and effective. As you explore the world of clinical trials, understanding the importance of efficient tools becomes paramount. These tools significantly accelerate clinical trial timelines, ensuring quicker access to vital medical interventions. The healthcare industry is witnessing a rapid evolution in how research is conducted, with technology playing a pivotal role in this transformation. Platforms like Patiro are instrumental in this shift, offering innovative ways to connect qualified patients with clinical trials.

The Impact of Technology on Clinical Trials

Technology is reshaping the way clinical trials are conducted, primarily by reducing enrollment delays. This crucial phase often poses significant challenges due to stringent criteria and the necessity for a diverse pool of participants. With advanced platforms leveraging data analytics and AI-driven solutions, researchers can swiftly identify and recruit suitable candidates. This expedites the process and enhances the quality of research outcomes by ensuring a representative sample. The integration of digital tools has further enabled remote monitoring and virtual trials, reducing geographical barriers that traditionally hindered participant enrollment. This shift broadens access and allows continuous data collection in real-time, increasing accuracy and reliability. The time saved in these processes directly contributes to faster trial completion and quicker dissemination of results. In addition to enrollment efficiencies, technological innovations facilitate better data management throughout the trial phases. Automation in data entry and processing minimizes human error, maintaining high standards of accuracy and compliance. Consequently, this fosters a more streamlined workflow, significantly cutting down on administrative burdens faced by research teams. Machine learning algorithms have revolutionized patient matching and protocol optimization, reducing the time spent on manual screening processes by up to 60%. These intelligent systems can analyze vast amounts of electronic health records, identifying potential participants who meet specific trial criteria within minutes rather than weeks. Additionally, predictive analytics help researchers anticipate and address potential bottlenecks before they impact trial timelines, ensuring smoother execution throughout the study lifecycle. (more…)
AI and HealthCare, Health Care Workers, Technology / 11.03.2025

Technology is no longer a futuristic concept in healthcare — it's the present reality, reshaping everything from patient care to administrative tasks. This rapid evolution creates both challenges and unprecedented opportunities for those in healthcare careers. Understanding how technology impacts these roles is crucial for anyone looking to thrive in this dynamic field.

The Rise of the Machines? How Automation Is Reshaping Traditional Roles

Automation is changing the landscape, impacting tasks previously considered exclusively human. As a result, many healthcare jobs are in danger of going extinct. How are roles adapting?

The Digitalization of Healthcare Administration

Gone are the days of endless paper files and manual data entry. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are now standard, streamlining workflows and making patient information readily accessible. This shift requires healthcare administrators to be tech-savvy, adept at managing digital systems and ensuring data security. Skills like data analysis and cybersecurity are now highly valued in administrative roles. Tasks like scheduling, billing, and insurance claims are increasingly automated, freeing up staff to focus on patient interaction and complex problem-solving. (more…)
Author Interviews, Critical Care - Intensive Care - ICUs, Genetic Research, Pediatrics / 10.03.2025

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Ricki S. Carroll, MD Complex Care and Palliative Care Physician, Skeletal Dysplasia and Palliative Care Teams Nemours Children’s Hospital Wilmington, Delaware MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Individuals with Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are often classified into one of four subtypes: type I (mild/nondeforming), type II (perinatal lethal), type III (severe/progressively deforming) and type IV (moderately deforming); however, this classification system continues to evolve with increasing knowledge (Sillence, 1979; Van Dyke & Sillence, 2014). Those with a mild phenotype are often diagnosed postnatally or in the pediatric setting after experiencing multiple unexplained fractures. Concerns for moderate to severely presenting OI are often noted in utero when fractures, shortening, and/or bowing of the long bones are found on prenatal ultrasound (Marini et al, 2017). When Osteogenesis imperfecta is suspected and/or molecularly confirmed in the prenatal period, families may be counseled that the diagnosis is lethal or severely life-limiting based on prenatal ultrasound observations and previously reported genotype-phenotype correlations (Yoshimura et al., 1996; Krakow et al., 2009). Ultrasound parameters for predicting lethality in skeletal dysplasias have been studied and include the chest-to-abdominal circumference ratio of <0.6 and femur length-to-abdominal circumference ratio of <0.16 (Yoshimura et al., 1996; Rahemtullah et al., 1997; Ramus et al., 1998). However, there are nuances to this strategy, for instance in cases where bowing deformities and fractures limit the accuracy of true femur length measurements (Milks et al., 2017). While genotype-phenotype correlations are also considered when predicting lethality, there can be a range of clinical variability even among those with the same genotype (Rauch et al., 2004, Marini et al, 2017). Some specialized delivery centers have reported on the accuracy of these methods in predicting lethality, yet many of the pregnancies evaluated are ultimately terminated, further limiting the ability to draw conclusions (Yeh et al., 2011). These limitations pose a challenge for perinatal providers counseling families on the diagnosis and attempting to prognosticate postnatal survival probability. Consequently, this information can cloud conversations surrounding delivery planning and influence access to potential life-saving therapies including invasive mechanical ventilation and feeding support. Advancements in medical technology and the option for life-sustaining interventions have significantly altered the prognoses for severely affected infants. In this manuscript, we describe perinatal outcomes of infants referred to a single specialized center after receiving a prior diagnosis of possibly lethal, lethal or type II OI where parents sought medical intervention after birth. We also outline advances in respiratory and feeding support needs, as well as length-of-stay for these neonates. The success of this multidisciplinary approach to neonatal OI care both challenges previously defined expectations for this patient population and offers a chance at survival. (more…)
Author Interviews, Infections, NEJM, STD / 06.03.2025

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Lenka Vodstrcil PhD Senior Research Fellow Deputy Head, Genital Microbiota and Mycoplasma Group President, Sexual Health Society of Victoria Associate Editor, Sexually Transmitted Infections School of Translational Medicine, FMNHS, Monash University Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, The Alfred Hospital Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne Catriona Bradshaw MMBS(Hons), PhD, FAChSHM, FAHMS Professor (Research), Head of Research Translation and Mentorship and of The Genital Microbiota and Mycoplasma Group Melbourne School of Translational Medicine, Monash University and Alfred Hospital Principal Research Fellow at the Burnet Institute   MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: One in three women globally have bacterial vaginosis (BV), a condition that causes a malodourous discharge, and associated with serious gynaecologic and obstetric sequelae (including miscarriage and preterm birth) and increases the risk sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. Women with symptoms are treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, however, over 50% of women experience BV recurrence within 3-6 months. The recurrence rate is even higher at 60-80% among women with an ongoing regular partner. Current practice is to simply retreat women experiencing BV recurrence with the same antibiotics, which leaves them (and clinicians) frustrated and distressed. We and others have accumulated a body of evidence to show that BV has the profile of an STI. BV-associated bacteria are detected in men in the distal urethra and on penile-skin, and couples share these organisms. However, to date, has not been recommended for BV as it is for other STIs. This is largely because men do not usually have any symptoms, and past partner-treatment trials in the 1980s and 1990s, which only used oral antibiotics for men, failed to prevent BV recurrence, which was taken as conclusive evidence against sexual transmission. Reviews of these trials have since identified their limitations. Given the evidence of male carriage of BV-associated bacteria at two genital sites, we hypothesised that both sites needed to be targeted with antimicrobial therapy to prevent re-infection post-treatment. The aim of our study was to assess if male partner-treatment concurrently with female treatment using a combination of oral and topical antibiotics for the first time, would decrease BV recurrence over 12 weeks compared to the current standard practice of treating women only. (more…)
Gambling / 18.02.2025

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Atharva Yeola, B.S. The Qualcomm Institute at UC San Diego MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: We initiated this study because, in the wake of the 2018 Murphy v. NCAA decision, sportsbooks began to proliferate at an unprecedented pace—expanding from a single state in 2017 to 38 states by early 2024. Accompanying that surge, the total amount bet on sports skyrocketed from $4.9 billion in 2017 to $121.1 billion in 2023, with 94% of wagers during 2023 occurring online. However, public health discussions lagged behind this explosive growth. We wanted to gauge whether this rapid adoption of sports betting, especially via easily accessible online platforms, was associated with increases in problem gambling and gambling addiction. (more…)
Antibiotic Resistance, Author Interviews, Infections / 18.02.2025

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Jennifer Machado Soares Affiliation: University of São Paulo and Texas A&M University Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil. MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Antibiotic treatments are becoming less effective due to the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Alternative treatments such as Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) have emerged and can act as an adjuvant to traditional antibiotic therapy. aPDT utilizes a photosensitizer activated by light to generate reactive oxygen species that can inactivate pathogens. (more…)
Author Interviews, Cancer Research, Colon Cancer, Stem Cells / 14.02.2025

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Slim Mzoughi, PhD Assistant Professor Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Oncological Sciences Hess Center for Science and Medicine New York, NY 10029 MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Resistance to current cancer treatments remains one of the biggest challenges in oncology, often leading to cancer recurrence even after patients appear to be in remission. To overcome this obstacle, we first need to understand the mechanisms behind this resistance. For a long time, treatment resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC)—the second deadliest cancer worldwide—has been attributed to a specific group of cells known as LGR5+ cancer stem cells. However, recent studies suggest that simply targeting these cells is insufficient for achieving long-term cancer control. That’s where our study comes in—to uncover why this is the case. MedicalResearch.com:  What are the main findings? Response:  Our study reveals that, early in tumor formation, LGR5+ cancer stem cells undergo molecular changes that render them unrecognizable. These changes cause them to resemble those found in the developing fetal intestine. In a way, this transformation reminds me of the legend of Edward Mordake, where these now fetal-like cells act as the “demon face” of cancer stem cells, resisting and surviving treatment. Crucially, we have identified the mechanism driving this reversion to a fetal-like state, which we term oncofetal-reprogramming. Excitingly, when we targeted the oncofetal cell state alongside existing chemotherapy treatments, this significantly enhanced treatment effectiveness and extended survival in preclinical models, offering new hope for CRC patients. (more…)
Author Interviews, Gender Differences, JAMA, University of Michigan / 14.02.2025

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Farrah Madanay, PhD Postdoctoral Research Fellow Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine Michigan Medicine University of Michigan MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Patients are increasingly using online forums to evaluate their physicians, with not only star ratings but also written narrative reviews. These reviews tend to fall into two dimensions: interpersonal manner, which includes comments about the physician’s attitude, behavior, and communication; and technical competence, which includes comments about the physician’s knowledge, skill, and outcomes. These two dimensions are important for patient-centered care and align with research from social psychology. Whereas prior studies have revealed gender differences in workplace assessments and overall star ratings of physicians, little is known about physician gender differences in patients’ online written reviews. We were curious whether physician gender differences were prevalent in patients’ written reviews and consistent across physician specialties, from generalists, like primary care physicians, to proceduralists, like surgeons. We collected physician profile, rating, and review data from one of the largest commercial physician rating and review websites. We focused on physicians from three primary care specialties (family medicine, internal medicine, and pediatrics), and three surgical specialties (general surgery; orthopedic surgery; and cosmetic, plastic, and reconstructive surgery). Our final sample included 345,053 online reviews received by 167,150 U.S. physicians between 2015 and 2020. We used hand-coded reviews to train an advanced natural language processing algorithm to classify all reviews for the presence and valence of patients’ comments of physicians’ interpersonal manner and technical competence. We then conducted multilevel logistic regressions to analyze differences by female or male physician gender in interpersonal manner and technical competence comments and whether those comments were associated with review star ratings. (more…)
Allergies, Author Interviews, NEJM, Pediatrics / 11.02.2025

Editor's note:  Do not attempt immunotherapy for peanut or other allergens without the express direction of your health care provider. Life-threatening reactions may occur. MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Scott H. Sicherer, MD Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Professor of Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology Director, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute Division Chief, Pediatric Allergy Medical Director, Clinical Research Unit Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Jack and Lucy Clark Department of Pediatrics Mount Sinai Kravis Children’s Hospital New York, NY 10029 MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: About 2% of people have a peanut allergy.  While many of them are exquisitely allergic to tiny amounts, about half can tolerate a half a peanut kernel or more before they have symptoms, although the symptoms can be severe. Current studies and FDA approved treatments for peanut allergy have typically focused on people reacting to about half a peanut or less.  We thought that those with higher threshold may be more easily treated. We focused on children ages 4-14 years who we identified through a medically supervised feeding test as having allergic reactions from 443 to 5043 mg of peanut protein.  A peanut kernel is about 250 mg of peanut protein. The 73 children were randomized to a treatment (oral immunotherapy, OIT) using home-measured, store bought peanut butter versus continuing the standard of care, avoidance.  OIT involves medically supervised dosing going from a small amount to gradually increasing larger amounts.  The increases are done under direct allergist supervision, then the tolerated dose is taken at home daily. Families are given instructions about avoiding things that can cause a reaction from dosing, such as exercise after a dose, and to skip dosing for illness.  Dosing can cause reactions and they were instructed on how to recognize and treat any such reactions.   We did increases every 2 months. Most of the children (62) stayed in the study to be tested after the period of treatment, that aimed for having a level tablespoon of peanut butter each day. All of the treated children who completed testing (32) were able to eat 9 grams of peanut.  Only 3 of 30 who continued to avoid peanut were able to do this. (more…)
Author Interviews, Mental Health Research, Microbiome / 10.02.2025

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Associate Professor Shawn Je Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What questions were you trying to address?  Response: The project started in 2013 when I met Professor Sven Petterson, then a visiting professor from the Karolinska Institute, during his time at the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) in Singapore. At the time, our lab was studying autism, and we discovered that many children with autism also had gastrointestinal problems. This sparked my interest in the relationship between gut microbiota and brain disorders. Professor Petterson had already established a germ-free facility at NCCS to study the link between cancer and gut microbiota. I asked him if he could create germ-free C57BL/6 mice, a strain often used to study learning, memory and brain disorders. After developing the mice, we subjected them to behavioural testing at the Duke-NUS Behavioural Phenotyping Facility to assess their emotional responses (fear, anxiety, depression), cognitive abilities (learning and memory), and social interactions. We were surprised to find that the germ-free C57BL/6 mice exhibited increased anxiety, although no significant changes in social behaviours typical of autism were observed. Anxiety was assessed using tests in which mice were placed in an elevated arena with open and closed sections, and the time spent in each area was measured. The increased anxiety in these germ-free mice had not been reported before, so we repeated the tests several times to confirm the findings. Interestingly, other researchers had observed hyperactivity in germ-free mice of different strains, but our C57BL/6 mice showed unusual anxious behaviour, even though this strain typically has lower anxiety. This led us to investigate the underlying mechanisms behind the increased anxiety in these mice, with the goal of discovering why this particular strain exhibited such pronounced anxiety. (more…)
Author Interviews, JAMA, Salt-Sodium, Stroke / 09.02.2025

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Xiong Ding, MPH School of Public Health Wuhan University Wuhan, China MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Patients who have previously experienced a stroke are at high risk of recurrence, and in China, this risk is even higher than the global average. It is well established that high blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke recurrence, and lowering blood pressure is an effective preventive strategy. Salt substitutes, which replace part of sodium chloride with potassium chloride, have been shown to lower blood pressure by reducing sodium intake and increasing potassium intake. However, before our study, there was limited direct evidence demonstrating whether salt substitutes could reduce the risk of stroke recurrence and death. Therefore, we conducted this research as part of the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS), specifically focusing on stroke survivors to determine the long-term health effects of salt substitution in this high-risk population. (more…)
Alzheimer's - Dementia, Infections / 19.12.2024

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Benjamin Readhead PhD Research Associate Professor Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center Biodesign Institute Arizona State University MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Our study describes a surprising link between an intestinal infection with a common virus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and the development of Alzheimer’s in a subset of people with the disease. In a study published earlier this year in the journal Nature Communications, we found that research participants with Alzheimer’s disease were more likely than those without it to harbor a particular immune cell type (“CD83(+) microglia”) in their brains. While trying to uncover what might be driving the presence of these CD83(+) microglia, we discovered an antibody (IgG4) in the intestine of these same subjects that were suggestive of the possibility that some kind of infection might contribute to this form of the disease. (more…)
Author Interviews, Cancer Research, NEJM, NIH, OBGYNE / 05.12.2024

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Diana W. Bianchi, M.D. Senior Investigator Center for Precision Health Research Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: The ability of prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing to incidentally detect maternal cancers has been demonstrated by several retrospective studies from commercial or national laboratories. However, there are no standardized approaches to the identification and medical management of prenatal screening results that might indicate a maternal cancer. We sought to prospectively identify DNA sequencing patterns and other biomarkers that could distinguish which women with nonreportable or unusual cfDNA sequencing results had cancer and to determine the best approach for diagnostic work-up of pregnant people who receive these results. (more…)
Author Interviews, COVID -19 Coronavirus, Mental Health Research, Pulmonary Disease / 30.11.2024

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Sean B. Fain, Ph.D. Professor and Vice Chair for Research Department of Radiology Affiliate Appointments BME and ECE University of Iowa Iowa City, IA MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: This study uses MRI to investigate connections between lung and brain function. We employ an advanced MRI technique that uses hyperpolarized xenon gas as a contrast agent. This approach allows us to image which parts of the lung are effectively inhaling xenon gas and which parts are not (i.e. ventilation). Additionally, xenon provides insights into lung gas exchange (i.e. oxygen transfer into and out of the blood), as it freely diffuses into alveolar tissue and binds to red blood cells. Using this technology, we hypothesized that the severity of lung injury in individuals with Long COVID would correlate with the degree of cognitive dysfunction and brain imaging. (more…)
Alzheimer's - Dementia, Author Interviews, Cost of Health Care, Medicare, UCLA / 15.10.2024

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Frank F. Zhou  |  he/him MD Candidate, Class of 2025 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What is Lecanemab used for?  How is it given to patients? Response: Lecanemab is a new infusion therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Its dosing is based on each patient's body weight (10 mg/kg every two weeks), but the drug is only available in 500 mg and 200 mg single-use vials, meaning that any leftover drug in vials must be thrown away. Given that lecanemab is expected to cost Medicare billions of dollars each year, we hypothesized that discarded drug could result in significant wasteful spending. (more…)
Infections / 27.09.2024

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Dr De Alwis, Ruklanthi (Rukie) Deputy Director, Centre for Outbreak Preparedness Assistant Professor Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme Duke-NUS Medical School MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: The COVID19 pandemic highlighted both the need for strengthened infectious disease surveillance and the critical importance of pathogen genomics in surveillance. However, prior to the pandemic, the technology used for pathogen genomics (i.e. next generation sequencing) was not widely used for public health and mostly available in high-resource countries. The Asia Pathogen Genomics Initiative (Asia PGI) was set up after the pandemic to enhance regional health security through the strengthening of pathogen genomic surveillance in in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across Asia. This study, conducted through the Asia PGI, aimed to assess the baseline capacities and gaps in pathogen genomic surveillance in lower-resourced countries in the region. (more…)
Dermatology / 05.08.2024

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Hannah CederHannah Ceder Department of Dermatology and Venereology Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden   MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Many facial basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are currently excised without prior biopsy, often resulting in incomplete surgical excisions. This practice is concerning because histopathologically high-risk BCCs have an increased risk of postoperative recurrence, necessitating a more meticulous surgical approach. For facial high-risk BCCs, Mohs micrographic surgery is the recommended treatment method. Given these challenges, there is a clear need for simple, preoperative methods to help physicians identify high-risk tumors. By improving preoperative assessment, these methods could enhance treatment planning, reduce incomplete excisions, and optimize the use of Mohs micrographic surgery for high-risk cases. (more…)
Author Interviews, Cancer Research / 01.08.2024

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Dr Meena Rafiq | Academic GP & Clinical Research Fellow FRACGP MRCGP MBBS BSc MSc Epidemiology of Cancer and Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) Group, UCL Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne UCL Department of Behavioural Science and Health     MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: Almost all patients with cancer will first see their GP with symptoms and half of these patients will have vague, non-specific symptoms. As a GP I know it can be challenging to pick up patients with possible cancer in a 10 minute GP appointment, especially if they have vague non-specific symptoms. We know that many of these patients are already having blood tests done by their GP. So, we wanted to see if any of these blood tests could be used to help pick up with patients who see their GP with vague abdominal symptoms like abdominal pain and bloating are most likely to have cancer and need to be urgently referred. (more…)
Author Interviews, Parkinson's / 25.07.2024

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Gus Alva, MD, DFAPA Medical Director, ATP Clinical Research Medical Director, Senior Brain Health, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience University of California, Riverside, CA MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: This trial evaluated the effects of pimavanserin compared to placebo in frail older adults and elderly patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms related to Neurodegenerative disorder (NDD), such as hallucinations and delusions, to better understand the safety of pimavanserin in this population. The study was a phase 3b, 8-week treatment (study duration of up to 16 weeks) with the primary endpoint being safety and tolerability, measured by treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Secondary safety endpoints were change from baseline in motor and cognitive function; exploratory endpoints included suicidality, sleep quality, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The reason for doing this study is that there is a high degree of interest in further understanding the safety of pimavanserin, as many antipsychotics used off label often have significant and serious adverse effects, including risk of falls, parkinsonism, and death. (more…)
Addiction, Author Interviews, Opiods / 03.07.2024

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Elena Stains Elena Stains Medical Student Department of Medical Education Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine Scranton, PA   MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Opioid use has been an increasing problem since the early 2000s in the United States (US) with a surge around 2010. Twenty-five percent of those having abused pain relievers in 2013 and 2014 got those drugs from physicians1. Physicians are particularly well-known for fueling the opioid crisis in Florida in the 2000s. Of the United States’ top 100 opioid prescribing physicians in 2010, an astounding 98 were prescribing in Florida2. Florida taking the main stage of the opioid crisis can be attributed to several factors, including ability of physicians to dispense opioids directly from their offices to patients (i.e. without pharmacists) and the presence of many infamous “pill mills” in the state3–6. The researchers at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine aimed to analyze the amount of hydrocodone (including brand names of Vicodin and Lortab) and oxycodone (OxyContin and Percocet) distributed in Florida from 2006 to 2021, paying close attention to the peak year of the opioid crisis, 2010. The team used the Washington Post and the US Drug Enforcement Administration’s Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) databases to compile this compelling information. (more…)
Allergies, Author Interviews, Duke / 25.06.2024

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Professor Soman Abraham PhD Grace Kerby Distinguished Professor of Pathology Duke University. Dr. Abraham led the research when working in the Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Programme at Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: The degranulation of mast cells (MCs) is a process that leads to allergic symptoms, ranging from itching, redness, and swelling of the tissue to severe and potentially life-threatening anaphylaxis involving multiple organ systems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 10 per cent of the global population suffers from food allergies. As allergy rates continue to rise, so does the incidence of food-triggered anaphylaxis and asthma worldwide. In view of the fact that allergic diseases are difficult to prevent or treat, we sought to understand the underlying basis for anaphylactic reactions. (more…)
Author Interviews, Diabetes, Environmental Risks / 24.06.2024

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Todd Hagobian, Ph.D. pronouns he/him/his Department Chair & Professor, Kinesiology and Public Health Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Previous observational studies have shown that urinary BPA is related to Type 2 diabetes risk. Meaning, higher urinary BPA is related to an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes. However, no published study to date has determined whether several days of BPA administration (participants consume BPA) increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes. MedicalResearch.com: Where is bisphenol found?  Can exposure to bisphenol be limited in everyday life? Response:  BPA and other bisphenols are found in canned foods and plastics. BPA is one of the most widely used synthetic chemicals and we consume foods that are packed in this chemical. Most of BPA exposure comes from canned foods, and 93% of the US populations has detectable urine levels of BPA. We can limit BPA by reducing canned foods (or purchased BPA free cans) and plastic use. (more…)
Alzheimer's - Dementia, Author Interviews, JAMA / 22.06.2024

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Mabel Seto, PhD Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee   MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: The background for this study is that individuals with a family history of Alzheimer’s disease (i.e., one or more first-degree relatives) have a higher risk for the disease than individuals that don’t have a family history. Previous studies suggested a preferential maternal inheritance of AD, though they were limited in sample size and statistical power. In our study, we wanted to focus on a larger, cognitively unimpaired sample. Using data from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s (A4) study, a randomized clinical trial aimed at AD prevention, we examined the relationship between a parental history of significant memory impairment as a proxy for AD (as some individuals may not have pursued formal diagnosis) and amyloid-beta burden in the offspring. (more…)