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Intensive Outpatient Programs provide a higher level of structure and support while still allowing clients to live at home. An...
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Complex post-traumatic stress disorder, often shortened to CPTSD or cPTSD, has moved from a niche clinical idea to a term many people now use for their own lived experience. At the same time, it is still not listed as a standalone diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). That leaves many people asking a very specific question: Will CPTSD be added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 2026?
The most accurate answer is that there is currently no official commitment to adding complex PTSD to the DSM in 2026. As of late 2025, CPTSD is recognized in the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11), but not in the DSM-5 Text Revision (DSM-5 TR). Clinicians and researchers are actively debating whether a new CPTSD diagnosis should be included in a future DSM edition, yet no formal decision or fixed timeline has been announced.
The question itself opens the door to important issues and questions, which MedicalResearch.com will review and address in this article. How do major diagnostic manuals change over time? Why is CPTSD in the ICD but not in the DSM? And what does any of this mean if you or someone you love is living with the effects of long-term trauma?
Dr. Swartz[/caption]
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
James A. Swartz, PhD
Professor, Jane Addams College of Social Work
University of Illinois Chicago
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: For the past 5 1/2 years, my project team has been charged with monitoring the public health effects of adult cannabis use legalization in Illinois. To fulfill that obligation, we have monitored state data and have tried to keep informed about ongoing research on cannabis legalization and public health. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) rose to the surface of this continual monitoring through a growing number of publications indicating the prevalence of this condition was on the rise and clinical case reports. As context, for any readers unfamiliar with the clinical syndrome, CHS is a paradoxical reaction to long-term, heavy cannabis use. Instead of relieving nausea, cannabis in some people appears to trigger cycles of severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Patients often present repeatedly to emergency departments, undergo extensive workups, and only much later does someone connect the dots and consider CHS. Resource use is substantial. CHS visits often involve repeat ED presentations, imaging, laboratory testing, and sometimes hospital admission. Even though CHS is rarely life-threatening, it is not a trivial condition from either the patient’s or the system’s perspective.
Most of the existing literature has been case reports, small series, or single-center studies. Those reports clearly show that CHS can be debilitating and is frequently misdiagnosed, but they don’t tell us much about the bigger picture:
Our goal was to step back and use a large national emergency department database to describe CHS at scale in the United States from 2016 through 2022.
Eye doctors use comprehensive screenings to detect undiagnosed conditions in the early stages enabling them to establish proper treatment plans...
Braces create additional surfaces where food particles can become trapped, requiring careful brushing and specialized flossing tools. In contrast, clear...
Dr. Krause[/caption]
Kristen D. Krause, PhD, MPH (she/her/hers)
Assistant Professor, Department of Urban-Global Public Health
Deputy Director, Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies (CHIBPS)
Rutgers School of Public Health
Deputy Editor, Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health
Deputy Editor, Behavioral Medicine
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Young sexual minority men often face myriad challenges including stigma, heightened risk for mental health issues, and an increased likelihood of substance use. This study set out to shine a light on how ADHD symptoms might factor into these risks—a topic rarely examined directly in this population.
MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings?
Response: We found that ADHD symptoms are not only common, but they are associated with increased odds of both early and frequent substance use, spanning everything from cigarettes to alcohol and more illicit substances. These results don’t just fill a gap, they invite attention to a complex interplay of identity, mental health, and behavior.
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The relationship between oral health and brain health is closer than most people realize. In recent years, researchers have uncovered mounting evidence that poor oral hygiene can do more than damage your teeth and gums—it may also affect how your brain functions. This connection, known as the “mouth-brain link,” is gaining increasing attention in medical and dental communities.
The importance of robust pharmaceutical storage is only set to increase as personalized medicine, cell therapies, and complex biologics become...
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If you’ve recently undergone surgery, whether orthopedic, abdominal, or postpartum, post-surgery physiotherapy can mean the difference between lingering pain and a full, confident return to daily life or sport. At Form Recovery & Wellness, we’ve worked with hundreds of patients post-ACL reconstruction, shoulder repairs, spinal surgery, and C-sections—building patient-centric based rehab plans that accelerate healing and reduce complications.
This article outlines the four primary phases of physiotherapy post-surgery, how each stage contributes to optimal recovery, and what patients should expect.
For those recovering in Thailand, Form Recovery & Wellness provides internationally trained physiotherapists with extensive experience in post-operative rehabilitation. Their patient-centered approach ensures that treatment is tailored, data-driven, and aligned with global best practices.
Phase 1: Immediate Recovery (Days 1–14)
Goal: Reduce swelling, protect the surgical site, and initiate gentle movement.
In the first two weeks, physiotherapy interventions are focused on minimizing inflammation, activating surrounding muscles, and preventing stiffness or compensation patterns.
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Clinical rotations represent one of the most meaningful stages in a nurse practitioner program. These experiences allow students to move beyond classroom learning and begin participating directly in patient care, where clinical reasoning and communication skills take shape.
For many NP students, this is the first opportunity to observe how advanced practice providers work within real healthcare environments and to understand the daily responsibilities of the role they are preparing to enter.
With thoughtful preparation and consistent engagement, clinical rotations become a valuable part of an NP student’s educational journey.
Whereas Western physiology and psychology have used the somatotype system of ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph to describe broad patterns in human body composition, metabolism, and temperament for almost a century, Ayurveda, the classical health science of India, has utilized a remarkably similar framework for over 2,000 years: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha body types, or prakriti.
Although these two systems evolved independently, initial data indicate that they could be describing similar constitutional patterns. Recent studies from India and the West aimed to correlate the two classification models, and the results are interesting enough to warrant clinical interest.
The article reviews the scientific attempts at correlating Western somatotypes with Ayurvedic constitutions, their limitations, and explores what this convergence might mean for personalized lifestyle medicine.
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Receiving a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) can be a life-altering event, bringing with it many questions about the future. MS is a condition of the central nervous system that disrupts communication between the brain and the body. Its effects vary widely from person to person, but recent progress in medical science offers more hope and better outcomes than ever before. The focus of care has expanded from simply managing symptoms to actively slowing the condition's progression and improving overall quality of life.
Modern approaches to managing MS have transformed what it means to live with the condition. With a growing range of therapies, people with MS now have more opportunities to maintain their independence and continue participating in the activities they enjoy. These developments reflect a deeper recognition of how the disease works, leading to more targeted and convenient treatment plans.
Victoria Bethel[/caption]
MedicalResearch.com Interview with:
Victoria Bethel, MSN
Department of Public Administration and Policy
University of Georgia, Athens
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: From the same pool of commercially insured patients, we found that cannabis dispensary openings were associated with reduced opioid prescribing among patients with non-cancer pain.
For this study, we examined whether cannabis dispensary openings were also associated with reduced opioid prescribing among commercially insured patients who do have a cancer diagnosis.
Similar to patients without cancer, we estimated reductions in opioid prescribing after medical and recreational cannabis dispensaries open. These findings may suggest that patients who experience cancer pain are able to manage their pain with cannabis instead of requiring opioids, although we cannot directly observe substitution.
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If you live in a growing community like Pickerington, you’ve probably noticed how much emphasis families place on children’s health, from balanced diets and sports to routine medical checkups. Yet one area that often goes unnoticed is dental development. Good oral health is about more than just bright smiles. It influences how children eat, speak, and even grow.
Many parents assume orthodontic treatment is something reserved for the teenage years, but experts often recommend earlier evaluations. By identifying potential bite or alignment issues early, orthodontists can guide proper jaw and tooth growth before problems become more complicated. In communities like Pickerington, where families value proactive care, early orthodontic attention is helping children achieve lasting oral health and confidence.
Understanding the Value of Early Orthodontic Care
When it comes to healthy smiles, timing makes all the difference. Early orthodontic intervention involves assessing how a child’s teeth and jaws are developing, often as young as age seven. At this stage, orthodontists can spot subtle issues such as crowding, bite misalignment, or early signs of jaw imbalance.
For families exploring orthodontics services in Pickerington, early consultations give children the advantage of preventive care. Orthodontists in the area focus on evaluating growth patterns, monitoring developing teeth, and using gentle techniques to guide them into better alignment. They can help ensure that permanent teeth emerge correctly and that the bite functions properly, reducing the risk of more complex treatments in the future.
By acting early, parents can help their children avoid the discomfort, expense, and extended treatment times that often come with delayed orthodontic correction. Early intervention isn’t just about creating straight teeth. It’s about promoting proper development and overall wellness.
The NAD⁺ landscape has matured from speculative longevity hype into a measurable, data-backed toolkit. Oral precursors—particularly NR and NMN—now dominate...
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Baltimore has long stood as a center of medical excellence. Yet even in a city with such a strong healthcare reputation, medical errors can and do occur—often leaving patients facing devastating consequences. When these mistakes lead to injury or worsening health, pursuing a medical malpractice claim becomes not just about compensation, but about accountability. However, proving that a healthcare provider acted negligently requires more than emotion—it demands clear, compelling evidence.
From detailed medical records and expert testimony to communication logs and hospital policies, each piece of proof helps build a credible case. A skilled Baltimore medical malpractice lawyer understands how to identify, preserve, and present this evidence effectively, ensuring that victims have the strongest possible foundation to seek justice within Baltimore’s complex legal and healthcare landscape.
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Staying hydrated is crucial, especially during physical activity. While many focus on exercise intensity and recovery, the importance of hydration cannot be overstated. Proper hydration plays a key role in maintaining performance, preventing fatigue, and supporting overall health. Whether you're running a marathon, lifting weights, or enjoying a hike, the water you drink can make or break your physical performance.
According to a study published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, dehydration can lead to a 20% reduction in endurance capacity, impairing exercise performance and increasing the risk of injury. This statistic underscores the importance of staying hydrated before, during, and after exercise.
For those engaging in outdoor activities like hiking, cycling, or long-distance running, having a backpack for water hydration can make a big difference. Hydration backpacks with built-in water reservoirs and drinking tubes allow you to stay hydrated on the go, without interrupting your activity.
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The health of your skin is often considered an external issue. However, your skin’s condition can reflect what’s happening inside your body, particularly in relation to your diet. In recent years, research has highlighted the importance of nutrition in maintaining healthy skin. Whether you are dealing with acne, eczema, or aging skin, what you eat plays a crucial role in its appearance and function.
Understanding how food impacts your skin can be the key to better skin health and effective management of skin conditions. Let’s dive into the science of diet and skin health and explore how specific nutrients can affect your complexion.
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Groundbreaking discoveries are happening every day in labs around the world, yet most people can't access or understand this vital information. The gap between scientific research and public understanding is wider than most researchers think.
When scientists struggle to communicate their findings effectively, important research gets buried in academic journals where it collects dust instead of making an impact. Meanwhile, the public misses out on knowledge that could improve their lives, inform their decisions and shape their understanding of the world.
Whether you're a researcher, science communicator or educator, making complex information accessible can amplify your impact and ensure your work reaches the people who need it most.
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Prescription eyeglasses are an essential vision correction tool for millions of people. In fact, over half of all people will develop a refractive vision error in their lifetime and require corrective lenses like glasses or contacts to see clearly. Given this widespread reliance on glasses, a common concern arises: does wearing glasses over many years change your eyes – for better or worse? Many people worry that using glasses might weaken their natural eyesight over time, or conversely, wonder if consistent use could improve their vision. Surveys have shown that a significant portion of the public believes long-term eyeglass use might actually worsen vision or cause “dependency” on glasses. This article aims to separate myth from fact and explain what research and expert medical insight say about the long-term use of prescription glasses and eye health.
Becoming a medical professional is about more than mastering anatomy or memorizing medications, it’s also about who you are when the pressure's on, when a patient is scared, or when things don’t go as planned. Your personality plays a big role in shaping the kind of provider you’ll become.
While technical training and credentials, like those earned through NP certificate programs, are critical, developing the right personality traits is just as essential for long-term success. Patients and teams alike depend on more than your skills. They also depend on your compassion, clarity, and judgment.
Photo by Jan Kopřiva on Unsplash[/caption]
Breast reduction surgery is one of the most transformative and empowering procedures in plastic surgery. For many women, overly large breasts can cause chronic pain, posture issues, and emotional distress. A successful breast reduction can alleviate these physical burdens while creating a natural, proportionate silhouette that enhances confidence and comfort.
From improved clothing fit to renewed self-esteem, the benefits extend far beyond aesthetics. The best surgeons in this field combine medical expertise with artistry to ensure that each result looks natural while providing long-term relief and balance.
Below is a curated list of the 10 Trusted breast reduction plastic surgeons in the United States, featuring one standout specialist from each state.
Prof. Kelleher[/caption]
Ian Kelleher PhD, MB BCh BAO (Medicine)
Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Academy of Medical Sciences Professor
Institute for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research
University of Edinburgh
MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness associated with hallucinations, delusions and a marked decline in functioning. It usually begins in adulthood, in the 20s, but we know from recent research that as many as half of all individuals who develop schizophrenia had attended child and adolescent psychiatry services earlier in life for other mental health problems. That’s exciting because it suggests: maybe there’s something we could do to reduce risk of schizophrenia in adolescent psychiatry services. But, at present, we don’t have evidence that any intervention reduces schizophrenia risk in this clinical population.
Lots of researchers are interested in the antibiotic doxycycline, and the structurally similarly minocycline, because it has potential neuroprotective effects. It crosses the blood brain barrier and seems to reduce inflammation and apoptosis (or programmed cell death). We think that excessive synaptic pruning may play a key role in the development of schizophrenia. In laboratory studies, doxycycline seems to reduce the level of synaptic pruning by its effect on the immune system. Some research suggests that even low dose exposure to doxycycline may lead to long-term effects in “dampening down” activity by microglia, the brain’s resident macrophages, which are central to the process of synaptic pruning.
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As individuals move through different stages of life, the level of support they require can shift along the way. From occasional assistance with daily tasks to full-time care, having access to flexible and tailored support ensures that people maintain independence, dignity, and comfort in their own homes. Understanding how care needs evolve can help families make informed decisions and feel confident that their loved ones are receiving the right level of support at the right time.
