Author Interviews

AI Clinical Notes Platforms for Clinicians Healthcare professionals spend a significant portion of their time on documentation. On average, clinicians devote 13 to 14 hours each week to paperwork outside of official work hours, a burden that contributes to burnout and fatigue across the healthcare sector. While clinical notes are essential for ensuring patient safety, care coordination, and legal compliance, the manual documentation process is time-consuming and mentally taxing. In 2025, AI-powered clinical notes platforms are transforming this workflow. These tools generate structured and accurate documentation faster, minimize administrative overhead, and enable clinicians to redirect their attention to patient care. Most platforms integrate with electronic health records (EHRs), follow HIPAA and other privacy regulations, and offer features like patient-facing summaries to support post-visit adherence. In this article, we explore the top AI clinical notes platforms available in 2025, why they matter, how to choose the right one, and what trends are shaping their continued evolution.

Best AI Clinical Notes Platforms for 2025

These AI-powered tools help clinicians save time, reduce paperwork, and improve accuracy by automatically generating structured clinical notes. This allows more focus on patient care and smoother workflows. Let’s have a look at some of the best tools:

1. Twofold

Twofold is an AI-powered medical scribe designed for clinicians who want accurate, audit‑ready documentation. Whether visits are in‑person or virtual, Twofold captures conversations, then generates structured SOAP notes, histories, care plans, and patient summaries within minutes. It supports custom templates, such as SOAP,  progress notes, etc., and works with any EHR, letting you export or sync notes directly. With Twofold, all protected health information (PHI) is secured via AES‑256 encryption, role‑based access controls, and a Business Associate Agreement (BAA) at signup. Audio is processed without being stored long‑term, and consent templates are built in, simplifying legal compliance. Clinicians often finish documentation during or immediately after patient sessions, eliminating the backlog of after‑hours charting. Twofold reduces administrative burden while maintaining clinical accuracy, letting you focus on patient care, not paperwork.

Editor’ note:  Cannabis and THCA/HEMP CBD products should have an active ingredient list on the container and have a Certificate of Analysis (COA). Discuss your use of THC, Cannabis or CBD products with your health care provider.  Dosing of CBD is variable, especially since it is not FDA regulated. Cannabis/CBD may interfere with other medications and should not be used in individuals with certain health conditions, including liver issues. CBD skin care products can be absorbed through the skin and have similar effects. Do not use Cannabis products including edibles and CBD if you are pregnant, nursing or may become pregnant. Do not use cannabis products if driving or operating difficult or dangerous machinery. Children should not be exposed to cannabis or CBD products. cannabis-cbd-purchasing-online The rise of the internet has changed how people buy cannabis. Shopping for cannabis online makes it easy for anyone to get what they want. You can shop from anywhere, feel comfortable about privacy, and see many products to choose from. There is no need to visit a store in person now. You need to know what to look at before you buy if you want to have a good time shopping online. It is important to take your time. Read all the details about the item. Be sure that the website is safe and good to shop on. This will help you feel good about what you get and how it comes to you.

Understanding Your Needs

Before you start shopping for cannabis online, you need to know what you want and need; think about why you are buying. Do you want something for enjoyment, or are you looking for something to help with health? Maybe you want a wellness product, like buy CBD online. When you understand these things, it is easier to choose from the options. This will help you shop with less stress. Picking the right product means you have to look at things like strength, type of strain, how you use it, and what you want it to do. When you read up on these, you get what works for you, and you do not waste time trying things that are not right. This is a good approach that helps you feel sure about what you buy.

[caption id="attachment_70763" align="aligncenter" width="500"]next-gen-cancer-sequencing Freepix image[/caption] Cancer is one of the most complex and heterogeneous diseases known to medicine. Tumors can differ not only between patients but also within a single individual, with subclones evolving over time and influencing how the disease progresses or responds to treatment. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become a critical tool in oncology, helping researchers and clinicians unravel this complexity at the molecular level. By analyzing DNA and RNA at high resolution, NGS enables the detection of mutations, copy number changes, gene fusions, and expression patterns that shape tumor biology. This information provides insight into cancer drivers, mechanisms of resistance, and therapeutic targets. Importantly, it also supports precision medical oncology, where treatments are guided by the specific molecular features of a patient’s tumor rather than by one-size-fits-all approaches.

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_70752" align="alignleft" width="150"]Minji Jung PharmD, PhDPostdoctoral Research Fellow in Epidemiology Department of Urology Stanford University Medical Center Stanford, CA Dr. Minji Jung[/caption] Minji Jung PharmD, PhD Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Epidemiology Department of Urology Stanford University Medical Center Stanford, CA MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Hypertension is a well-established risk factor for kidney cancer, and previous studies have suggested potential links between antihypertensive medications and kidney cancer risk. However, distinguishing the effects of the medications from those of hypertension itself has been challenging. Our meta-analysis systematically evaluated different classes of antihypertensive drugs while accounting for hypertension.

[caption id="attachment_70749" align="alignleft" width="150"]Statement from Andrea Baccarelli, MD, PhDDean of the Faculty
Professor of Environmental Health
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Dr. Baccarelli[/caption] Statement from Andrea Baccarelli, MD, PhD Dean of the Faculty Professor of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Colleagues and I recently conducted a rigorous review, funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), of the potential risks of acetaminophen use during pregnancy. We reviewed 46 previously published human studies worldwide. We found evidence of an association between exposure to acetaminophen during pregnancy and increased incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. This association is strongest when acetaminophen is taken for four weeks or longer.

A qualified registered nurse (RN) who fills temporary positions in various healthcare settings. These placements could involve a position in an outpatient facility, short-staffed hospital or even in home health....

PainRelief.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_70727" align="alignleft" width="200"]Dr. Durbhakula Dr. Durbhakula[/caption] Shravani Durbhakula, MD, MPH, MBA Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Medical Director, Comprehensive Pain Service Vanderbilt University Medical Center PainRelief.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Our study highlights the rapid rise of nitazenes—extremely potent and dangerous synthetic opioids—silently driving the current overdose crisis. Developed in the 1950s by a pharmaceutical company and never approved for clinical use, nitazenes are up to 20 times more potent than fentanyl and are undetectable with standard drug tests available in emergency rooms. These opioids are often mixed into counterfeit pills or other street drugs, posing an unseen threat. Furthermore, nitazenes interact with opioid receptors in a unique way, increasing overdose risk, heightening respiratory depression, and accelerating tolerance development, which makes them even more dangerous for users.

World Cup’s Quest to Delay Aging Longevity science has a long history, dating back to the 1900s when people practiced gerontology, the scientific study of aging. In this era, scientists embarked on a study of the mortality and aging patterns in different organisms. Through the 20th century and early 21st century, aging research evolved into what we now know as longevity science, a science that goes beyond extending lifespan. Longevity science stands out for its specific focus on extending healthspan – the period of life we spend in good health. This branch of science has birthed various interventions to help us in the race against time. These include caloric restriction, genetic research, and biomarker-driven personalized medicine. And now, with the recent launch of the Longevity World Cup, Adam Ficsor is fueling the discovery of even more techniques to reverse aging.

[caption id="attachment_70714" align="aligncenter" width="500"]personalized-endodontic-treatment-root-canal Photo by Tima Miroshnichenko[/caption] Personalized care has become an important part of many treatments as people seek reliable outcomes that last over time. When procedures are adjusted to individual needs, the results are often more stable and protective against recurring problems. Choosing approaches that fit each case allows both precision and comfort, reducing risks that arise from generalized methods. With advanced tools and thoughtful analysis, specialists can design strategies tailored to unique structures. This leads to stronger restoration and prevention of further damage. The following discussion explores how personalized treatment in this area brings consistent and lasting improvements.

Tailored Diagnosis

Personalized endodontic treatment begins with understanding each individual’s unique oral structures and the expert’s diagnosis. A careful assessment highlights variations that generic approaches may overlook. The use of precise scanning and mapping allows specialists to identify hidden issues before they become more severe. During this stage, an expert such as a new york city endodontist can provide insights that enhance accuracy. Customized plans reduce the chance of failure by addressing root conditions directly. This prevents repeat procedures while also ensuring patients receive solutions best suited for their case.

[caption id="attachment_70701" align="aligncenter" width="500"]opportunities-aging-population Photo by Kampus Production[/caption]

Introduction

For healthcare and business leaders alike, the most powerful force shaping the 21st century may not be artificial intelligence or globalization, but aging populations. Since 1950, global life expectancy has risen by nearly 20 years, a monumental shift that is redefining consumer demand, workforce structures, and health systems. By 2050, one in six people worldwide will be over the age of 65, compared with just one in eleven in 2019 (United Nations, 2019). This demographic transformation is often framed as a looming burden—pressuring pension systems, overwhelming hospitals, and shrinking workforces. But this lens ignores a fundamental reality: aging societies also represent one of the largest hidden growth opportunities in healthcare innovation. The challenge is not the demographic trend itself, but how we adapt. For forward-looking companies, investors, and policymakers, reframing aging as a platform for innovation is a strategic imperative.

[caption id="attachment_70691" align="aligncenter" width="500"]oncology-cancer-billing-services Pexels image[/caption] Cancer care is going through big changes due to advancement in healthcare research. For many years, the main treatments were surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. These are still important, but now new options like immunotherapy and targeted therapy are improving results for patients. But with these new treatments also come new challenges.  They have completely changed how cancer clinics handle billing and payments. For oncology providers, keeping up with these changes is important to stay financially secure. This article looks at new cancer treatments, how they affect billing, the challenges clinics face, and how trusted oncology billing services providers help providers handle these issues.

[caption id="attachment_70686" align="alignleft" width="150"]Ibrahim Kamel, MD, MHABoston Medical Center – Brighton Clinical Instructor Boston Medical Center Boston University Dr. Kamel[/caption] MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Ibrahim Kamel, MD, MHA Boston Medical Center – Brighton Clinical Instructor Boston Medical Center Boston University   MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Cannabis use carries risk for developing Type 2 diabetes.  It is important for physicians to screen for the use of cannabis to better understand each patients risk. MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings? Response:  Clinically physicians should screen for and council on the risk of cannabis use. People should know what is the risk in the substances they use and make the choice that they feel is right. 

[caption id="attachment_70677" align="aligncenter" width="500"]lab-safety-protocols Photo by Artem Podrez[/caption] Medical research labs are environments where innovation and discovery thrive. However, they also involve risks that can compromise the safety of researchers and the integrity of experiments if not properly managed. Implementing essential safety practices is not optional; it is a cornerstone of responsible research. Below, we outline key measures every medical research lab should consistently carry out.

Conduct Comprehensive Risk Assessments

Every lab should start by identifying potential hazards associated with their experiments. Risk assessments involve evaluating chemical, biological, and physical hazards and determining the appropriate safety measures to mitigate them. Regularly updating these assessments ensures that new procedures or equipment do not introduce unforeseen dangers. This proactive approach can prevent accidents before they occur and foster a culture of safety among staff.

Maintain Rigorous Equipment Standards

Properly functioning equipment is critical for both safety and accuracy in research. Medical research labs should establish strict maintenance schedules and ensure all instruments meet regulatory standards. Using reliable lab equipment reduces the likelihood of malfunctions that could lead to exposure to hazardous substances or flawed experimental results. Additionally, proper training on the use of equipment helps prevent human error and ensures experiments are conducted safely and efficiently.

Editor's note: There is considerable controversy regarding the potential risks versus benefits of toothpaste ingredients, including fluoride.  Please consult your dental and/or health care provider regarding the oral hygiene products for your needs. [caption id="attachment_70672" align="aligncenter" width="500"]holistic-vs-regular-toothpaste Source[/caption]

Introduction

Oral hygiene is a central part of overall well-being. Brushing twice a day is a habit most people follow, but what often gets overlooked is the choice of toothpaste itself. Many households reach for the standard tube found in supermarkets, while others prefer alternatives made with natural ingredients. The debate between organic toothpastes derived from plant-based or eco-friendly sources and conventional options continues to grow. Understanding the differences between these two choices is essential for making an informed decision about what is best for your dental health. Beyond cavity prevention, the type of toothpaste you use can also influence gum sensitivity, enamel strength, and even your overall brushing experience.

[caption id="attachment_70667" align="aligncenter" width="500"]Holistic Health Is More Than a Buzzword Source[/caption] Ever feel like you’re doing everything right—eating clean, showing up at the gym, even hitting eight hours of sleep—and still walking around like a fried circuit board? Welcome to the modern health paradox, where wellness apps and protein shakes are plentiful, but energy, clarity, and balance are still hard to come by. In this blog, we will share how holistic health connects the dots between body, mind, and burnout—and why it deserves more than its buzzword status. Wellness That Isn’t Just Skin Deep The wellness industry is now worth billions. Supplements, tracking devices, health influencers, biohacking gear—it’s all part of a booming market. Yet in the middle of this digital detox juice cleanse culture, people are still crashing. Energy tanks mid-afternoon. Anxiety runs rampant. Sleep gets shallow. And no one can remember where they left their car keys, much less why they walked into a room. The problem is that most health solutions still treat symptoms in isolation. You’re tired?  Try more caffeine. You’re gaining weight? Cut carbs. You’re anxious? Meditate for five minutes between meetings and pretend that fixes everything. It’s a patchwork system that ignores how interconnected the body really is. Holistic health, when stripped of its trendiness, isn’t radical. It’s foundational. It asks the right questions instead of masking problems. How’s your gut reacting to your diet? What’s your nervous system doing when your to-do list hits double digits? Is your skin breaking out, or is your liver overwhelmed? It’s not always a mystery—it’s often a missed signal. And sometimes those signals show up in unexpected places. Take oral health, for example. It’s often treated like a side category in wellness, but it’s deeply connected to your immune system, digestion, and even cardiovascular function. Which brings us to a question worth asking what does it mean if your gums are white? White gums might look harmless, but they can point to stress-induced inflammation, poor circulation, vitamin deficiencies, or even autoimmune triggers. In other words, your mouth could be broadcasting a message that your body’s struggling—even before bigger symptoms appear. The body tends to whisper before it shouts. When we actually listen, we avoid far more complicated problems down the road. Paying attention to these details isn’t about becoming obsessive. It’s about learning to see discomfort as communication. White gums, chronic bloating, low energy, random breakouts—they’re not random. They’re messages. Holistic health teaches you to interpret them before they become chronic conditions.

[caption id="attachment_70643" align="alignleft" width="200"]Rakesh Jain, MD, MPHClinical Professor at the Department of Psychiatry
Texas Tech University School of Medicine- Permian Basin
Midland, Texas Dr. Jain[/caption] MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Rakesh Jain, MD, MPH Clinical Professor at the Department of Psychiatry Texas Tech University School of Medicine- Permian Basin Midland, Texas MedicalResearch.com: Would you briefly explain the condition of fibromyalgia?  Whom does it primarily affect and what are the symptoms? Response:  Fibromyalgia is the prototypical example of a type of pain called nociplastic pain, or pain that comes from altered pain processing in the central nervous system. It is mainly characterized by widespread pain, non-restorative sleep, fatigue and cognitive impairment (brain fog). Over 10 million adults in the United States are affected by this disease, most of whom are women.

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_70637" align="alignleft" width="133"]Thomas B. Casale, M.D.Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics
Chief of Clinical and Translational Research
Division of Allergy and Immunology
USF Health Morsani College of Medicine
University of South Florida
Tampa, Florida Dr. Casale[/caption] Thomas B. Casale, M.D. Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics Chief of Clinical and Translational Research Division of Allergy and Immunology USF Health Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa, Florida MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: The data leading to FDA approval of neffy came from extensive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. As with previous epinephrine delivery devices, the FDA asked for data showing that after delivery of neffy the epinephrine blood levels and expected changes in pulse and blood pressure were similar to those achieved with injectable formulations of epinephrine. neffy performed as expected with blood levels of epinephrine bracketed by those achieved with EpiPen and a needle and syringe along with increases in pulse and blood pressure compatible with the epinephrine levels measured. Additionally, clinicians are interested in whether neffy would perform similarly in real clinical situations. The data from the neffy experience program provides real-world assurance that neffy can effectively treat acute allergic reactions. Given the large number of patients and the similar findings to those achieved with injectable epinephrine in previous studies, the data should provide assurance that neffy can be an effective substitute for injectable epinephrine in patients that desire a needle-free option. neffy

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: CDCKristina Betz MD, PhD Measure Development and Validation Unit Lead, NHSN Surveillance Branch Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) MedicalResearch.com: Would you briefly explain what is meant by sepsis? i.e., how common is it, how serious, what are the major causes? Response: Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency that happens when the body’s response to an infection causes vital organs to stop working properly. Sepsis is often caused by bacteria, but it can also happen because of other infections, like viruses such as COVID-19. Sepsis is one of the main reasons people go to the hospital and can be very dangerous. In the United States, about 1.7 million adults go to the hospital each year because of sepsis. Sadly, about 350,000 of these people die in the hospital or are sent to hospice care. Even if people survive sepsis, it can cause long-lasting problems. They might have new health issues, not be able to go back to work, need to go back to the hospital, or even die later on. Source: Hospital Sepsis Program Core Elements | Sepsis | CDCWhat Is Sepsis | Sepsis Alliance

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_70616" align="alignleft" width="130"]Dr. Rima Patel Dr. Patel[/caption] Rima Patel, MD Assistant Professor The Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: Targeted treatment options for metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are limited. TNBCs are associated with a high frequency of PTEN loss, which can lead to activation of the mTOR pathway and tumor proliferation but may be reversible with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. A prior phase II single arm trial of carboplatin and everolimus in patients with advanced TNBC demonstrated good tolerability and preliminary efficacy. The current study is a randomized phase II trial comparing carboplatin and everolimus with carboplatin alone in patients with metastatic TNBC. We found that the combination of carboplatin and everolimus reduced the risk of progression or death by 52%. The regimen was well tolerated and provides a promising treatment option for patients with advanced TNBC.

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_70576" align="alignleft" width="200"]Thao-Ly Phan, MD, MPH Medical Director, Nemours Children's Health Professor of Pediatrics Thomas Jefferson University Dr. Thao Ly Phan[/caption] Thao-Ly Phan, MD, MPH Medical Director, Nemours Children's Health Professor of Pediatrics Thomas Jefferson University MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been extensively studied in adults, but there has been limited exploration of its effects on children and adolescents. While several studies have described weight gain trends in children during the pandemic, less is known about how having a diagnosis of COVID-19 contributed to these trends. Our study drew on the NIH’s National Clinical Cohort Collaborative database, a real-world database of electronic health data from over 90 institutions across the country.  We used this dataset’s unique features to compare a diverse group of more than 11,000 children diagnosed with COVID-19 to a matched cohort of children without a diagnosis of COVID-19.

[caption id="attachment_70572" align="aligncenter" width="500"]exciting-dental-innovations Photo by Daniel Frank[/caption] Dentistry has changed a lot in recent years. In 2025, both dentists and patients have new tools that make it easier to take care of teeth. Dental professionals use advanced instruments to perform treatments with more accuracy, while patients have access to better home care products that help keep their mouths healthy. These changes work together, so dentists can do their job more precisely and patients can keep up with their own care between visits. Modern oral health is no longer just about one single step—it is about combining professional treatment, daily hygiene, and cosmetic improvements. When looking at the most important changes, three areas stand out. First, dentists now use improved tools and supplies that allow them to work carefully and safely. Second, better toothbrush technology helps patients maintain clean teeth at home, supporting the work done by professionals. Third, whitening products have become safer and more effective, giving people brighter smiles without complicated procedures. Together, these advancements show how oral health in 2025 is becoming more complete and more reliable than ever before.

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: [caption id="attachment_70522" align="alignleft" width="150"]Ibrahim Gwarzo, DrPH, MPH, MBBSResearch Scientist at Nemours Children’s Health
Delaware Valley, Delaware USA Dr. Gwarzo[/caption] Ibrahim Gwarzo, DrPH, MPH, MBBS Research Scientist at Nemours Children’s Health Delaware Valley, Delaware USA MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Would you briefly explain the condition of sickle cell disease and why young people frequently present to the ER with severe pain? Response: Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells. It is passed down as an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning a person must inherit the defective gene from both parents to have the disease. The condition primarily impacts hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells, which leads to changes in the shape and stability of these cells. The complications associated with the disease, including recurrent and severe pain episodes, are a direct result of these changes. These pain episodes are debilitating and unpredictable, resulting in frequent emergency department visits where they are typically treated with pain medications, including opioids. It is estimated that around 100,000 people in the United States have sickle cell disease, with about 40,000 being children. The disease has a significant prevalence in the Afro-Latino population.

[caption id="attachment_70512" align="aligncenter" width="500"]Medication-Assisted Treatment in Rural Emergency Departments Photo by Erik Mclean[/caption]

Why Medication-Assisted Treatment Matters

Opioid use disorder continues to harm communities across the United States. In 2023, more than 80,000 people died from opioid overdoses according to CDC data. Rural towns have been hit especially hard. Emergency departments in these areas are often the only place where patients can get immediate help. Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) is one of the most effective tools for treating opioid addiction. It combines medicines like buprenorphine or methadone with counseling. Studies show MAT reduces opioid use, lowers overdose risk, and improves long-term recovery rates. Patients who receive MAT are twice as likely to stay in treatment compared to those who do not. Emergency rooms see many patients in crisis. They are a critical access point for starting MAT. Yet, many rural hospitals still face major barriers when trying to use it.

[caption id="attachment_70492" align="aligncenter" width="500"]how-daily-walking-improves-health Photo by Andrea Piacquadio: [/caption] Walking is something most of us take for granted. It’s simple, free, and part of daily life. But Fitness Gear and Training adds: when tracking your steps & miles as you move consistently, walking can actually guard against some of the most common chronic health problems. And that’s not just hype, it’s backed by solid research. You don’t need fancy gear or a pricey gym membership to lower your risk of diseases that keep millions of people struggling every year. You just need your own two feet and a little time. 

Why Walking Matters More Than People Think

The body thrives when it’s in motion.  Walking engages muscles, joints, the cardiovascular system, and even the brain. It’s not high impact, which means it’s gentle enough for almost everyone. Think about this for a second: many of today’s major health issues are linked to inactivity. And the opposite is also true – when you add small, consistent amounts of movement into your life, the risk of these problems drops. Simple equation. Walking doesn’t just burn calories. It helps regulate blood sugar, strengthens bones, and boosts circulation. It’s like giving your body a tune-up every day. And the best part is that it doesn’t take hours; even 30 minutes can set off positive changes.

[caption id="attachment_70470" align="alignleft" width="150"]Duncan Dobbins, PharmD, MHIGeisinger College of Health Sciences Scranton, Pennsylvania Dr. Dobbins, PharmD[/caption] MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Duncan Dobbins, PharmD, MHI Geisinger College of Health Sciences Scranton, Pennsylvania MedicalResearch.com: What prompted this commentary, and what did you find? Response: In theory, there could be a drug interaction between immunotherapy and medical cannabis. A small (N=102) observational report from Israel appeared to find that immunotherapies worked much less well in cancer patients who also used medical cannabis.1 However, a follow up report2 took about two weeks and involved manually rechecking the math and data-analysis. Several discrepancies emerged between the methods and results. Two-tailed tests were listed in the methods yet one-tailed p values appeared in the results. Arithmetic errors, some traceable to unconventional “floor” rounding, affected key percentages. Multiple p values in Table 1 (21 out of 22) could not be reproduced with the stated tests. Finally, smoking status, a key confound, was not reported. Taken together, these issues complicate interpretation and highlight how small computational slips can cascade into larger inferential uncertainty. For this follow-up report, I was asked, “Do you think AI could have double checked this math?”

Mental health is shaped by much more than individual experiences or biology. The social and systemic forces that surround a person—including their identity and environment—play a critical role in determining how they access care, the kind of treatment they receive, and their overall likelihood of facing mental health challenges. This is where the concept of intersectionality offers crucial insight. Originally introduced by legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw, intersectionality highlights how overlapping social identities—such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, and disability—combine to influence a person’s lived experience. When it comes to mental health, this framework helps us better understand how multiple layers of disadvantage can magnify risks and create barriers to care.

Discharge from the hospital doesn’t signal the end of your healing journey—it marks the beginning of your recovery at home. This stage can bring a sense of comfort as well as new challenges. Whether you’ve had orthopedic surgery, a spine-related procedure, or soft tissue repair, transitioning from rest to greater independence requires time, careful planning, and the right tools. While your healthcare provider will give you a specific recovery plan, there are universal tips that can help make your healing period safer and more manageable. Getting Your Space Ready Before Surgery One of the best ways to ease your recovery is to set up your living space ahead of time. By preparing your home, you can reduce the stress and strain that may come with limited mobility. Clear pathways to avoid tripping, and if your home has stairs, plan to stay on the main floor if possible. Keep vital items like medications, water, your phone, and assistive devices nearby where you’ll be spending most of your time. There are several home recovery aids that can enhance both safety and comfort. Cold therapy machines can help manage swelling more efficiently than standard ice packs. A supportive brace designed for your specific surgery can provide added stability during the initial healing phase. Other helpful equipment may include leg elevation pillows, mechanical patient lifts, and recliners with ergonomic support. Bathroom safety is key as well—install grab bars, use a raised toilet seat, and consider a shower bench to reduce physical strain and prevent falls. Even your footwear matters. Choose shoes that are non-slip and supportive to help reduce the risk of slipping and to keep your feet comfortable during short walks or light activities.

[caption id="attachment_70390" align="alignleft" width="142"]Maria Y. Tian, MBSDepartment of Medical Education
Geisinger College of Health Sciences
Scranton, Pennsylvania Maria Tan[/caption] MedicalResearch.com: Maria Y. Tian, MBS Department of Medical Education Geisinger College of Health Sciences Scranton, Pennsylvania MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are severe, disabling conditions that are associated with substantial economic burden. Approximately one-third of patients have treatment-resistant schizophrenia, which clozapine is the only evidence-based therapy for. Clozapine also provides unique benefits, including reduced suicide risk, aggression, and all-cause mortality. Despite this, it has historically been underutilized due to concerns over adverse effects, required blood monitoring, patient adherence, and limited clinician training. Previous research in Medicaid populations had demonstrated marked state-level variation in use, but little was known about prescribing trends in the U.S. Medicare system, which covers nearly half of individuals with schizophrenia. This study analyzed Medicare Part D data from 2015–2020 to assess national and regional trends in clozapine prescribing and to identify states with significantly different prescribing patterns.